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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Refers to abnormal breath sounds or noises that occur in addition to the normal breath sounds: examples are crackles and wheezes	Adventitious
The saclike units at the end of the bronchioles in which gas exchange takes place	Alveoli
The drawing in or out by suction. In the lungs, aspiration of food, liquids, blood, or foreign objects can occur when a patient is unable to protect his or her own airway	Aspiration
Collapse of The alveolar air spaces of the lungs	Atelectasis
A pharmacological agent that stimulates the beta 2 receptor sites found in smooth muscle; includes common bronchodilators such as albuterol and levalbuterol	Beta 2 agonist
Poisoning characterized by severe muscle paralysis and usually caused by eating food containing botulinum toxin	Botulism
Severe constriction of smooth muscle surrounding the bronchial tree	Bronchospasm
Deep cyanosis of the face and neck that extends across the chest and back; associated with little or no blood flow; a particularly ominous sign	Cape cyanosis
A ridge like projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurcated into the right and left mainstem bronchi	Carina
Contorted positioning of the hand or foot in which the fingers or toes flex in a claw like manner; may be caused by hyperventlation	Cargo pedal spasm
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is characterized by excessive mucus production as a result of overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways	Chronic bronchitis
Heart disease that develops because of chronic lung disease and affect primarily the right side of the heart	Corpulmonle
The abnormal breath sounds that have a fine, crackling quality; previously called rales	Crackles
A common disease of infancy and childhood caused by upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor, hoarseness, and a barking cough	Croup
The production of large amounts of urine by the kidney	Diuresis
The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by distention of the alveoli and destructive changes int he lung paenchyma	Emphysema
A sitting position with the head elevated to 90 degrees (sitting straight upright)	Fowler position
A mesh filter placed int he inferior vena cava to catch blood clots in patients who are at high risk of pulmonary embolus	Greenfield filter
A disease of unknown cause characterized by progressive paralysis moving from the feet tot he head (ascending paralysis); if paralysis reaches the diaphragm, the patient may require respiratory support	Guillain barre syndrome
An iron-containing protein within red blood cells that has th3e ability to combine with oxygen	Hemoglobin
Coughing up blood in the sutum	Hemoptysis
Engorgement of the jugular veins when the liver is gently pressed; this finding is specific to right sided heart failure	Hepatojugular reflux
An excess of oxygen	Hyperoxia
To move inadequate volumes of air into the lungs	Hypoventilate
A state in which the stimulus to breathe comes from a decrease in PaO2, rather than front he normal stimulus, an increase in PaCo2	Hypoxia drive
The visible bulging of the jugular veins when a patient is in a sei Fowler or full Fowler position; indicates inadequate blood movement through the heart and or luns	Jugular venous distention
A respiratory pattern characteristic of diabetic keto acidosis, with marked hyper pea and tachypnea; represents the body’’s attempt to compensate for the acidosis	Kussmaul respirations
Inflammation of the larynx trachea, and bronchi	Laryngotracheobronchitis
Firming of the lungs as a result of fluid accumulation	Lung consolidation
The transfer of a disease from one organ or part oft eh body to another that is not directly connected to the original site; often used to describe a cancer that has spread to another part of the body	Metastasis
The sound of one note during wheezing, caused by the vibration of a single bronhis	Monophonic
Severe dyspnea experienced when recumbent that is relieved by sitting or standing up	Orthopnea
One of three sets of lymphatic organs that constitute the tonsils; located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the ora cavity; help protect the body from bacteria and other pathogens introduced into the mouth and nose	Palatine tonsils
The functional portions of a gland or solid organ	Parenchyma
Severe shortness of breath occurring suddenly at night after several hours of recumbency, as fluid pools in the lungs	Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space	Pleural effusion
Inflammation of the lung caused by an infectious agent	Pneumonia
Lung inflammation from an irritant, such as a chemical, dust, r radiation, or from aspiration, such as aspiration of gastric contents	Pnemonitis
The production of too many red blood cells over time, making the blood thick; characteristic of people with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia	Polycythemia
The sound of multiple notes during wheezing; caused by the vibrations of multiple bronchi	Polyphonic
A false membrane formed by a dead tissue layer; seen in the posterior Haryana of patients with diphtheria	Pseudomembrane
Weakening or loss of a palpable pulse during inspiration; characteristic of conditions that cause profound pressure changes in the thorax, such as cardiac tamponade and severe asthma	Pulses paradoxus
Full of pus; having the character of pus	Purulent
A term used to describe any condition that causes hyper reactive bronchioles and bronchospasm in response to certain triggers	Reactive airway disease
Diseases that limit the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately. Skeletal abnormalities such as kyphosis and scoliosis are common examples of conditions that can cause these diseases	Restrictive lung diseases
The drawing in of the intercostal muscles and the muscles above the clavicles that can occur in respiratory	Retractions
The nnstriated involuntary muscle found in vessel walls, glands, and th gi tract	Smooth muscle
A noise made during inhalation when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue	Snoring
A device that collects medication as it is released from the canister of a metered-dose inhaler, allowing more medication to be delivered tot he lungs and less to be lost to the environment	Spacer
A severe, prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with conventional treatment, such as the administration of epinephrine	Status asthmaticus
A harsh, high pitched inspiratory sound representing air moving past an obstruction within or immediately above the glottis opening; associated with severe upper airway obstruction, such as that caused by laryngeal edema	Stridor
Vibrations in the chest that can be felt with a hand on the chest as the patient breathes	Tactile fremitus
The opening created during a tracheotomy procedure	Tracheostomy
A chronic bacterial disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs bu can also affect other organs, such as the brain and kidneys	Tuberculosis
The process of exchanging air betwee the lungs and the environment; includes inhalation and exhalation	Ventilation