| • Study of structures of the body • Means to dissect | Anatomy |
| • Study of the processes and functions of the body
o To understand and predict the body’s
response to stimuli
o To understand how the body maintains
conditions with the narrow change of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments. | Physiology |
| What are the types of ANATOMY? | SYSTEMATIC
REGIONAL
SURFACE
ANATOMICAL IMAGING |
| It is the study of the body by Organ System | Systematic |
| It uses superficial structures to locate deeper structures | Surface |
| It is the study of the body by regions | Regional |
| It is non-invasive method for examining deep structures (e.g.: MRI, CT Scan, X-ray) | Anatomical Imaging |
| What are the structural levels of the body? | Chemical
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism |
| What are the Characteristics of Life? | ORGANIZATION
METABOLISM
RESPONSIVENESS
GROWTH
DEVELOPMENT
REPRODUCTION |
| ❖ Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment
▪ Ability to maintain stable internal environment
▪ The goal of all physiologic processes -> | HOMEOSTASIS |
| It is conditions that change; physiologically controlled | Variable |
| It is the ideal or the normal range | Set point |
| • Regulating most body systems where any deviations from the set point is made smaller or is resisted.
• Maintains variation within a normal range | Negative Feedback |
| What are the components of Homeostasis? | Receptor
Control Center
Effector |
| It monitors the value of a variable | Receptor |
| It establishes the set point around which the variable is maintained | Control Center |
| It changes the value of the variable (stimulus) which initiates a homeostatic mechanism | Effector |
| • Initial stimulus further stimulates the response.
• Deviation from the set point becomes greater
• Self-augmenting, vicious cycle and harmful most of
the time. | Positive Feedback |
| It is when person standing erect with face and palms down.
Term used when the person lying face up.
Term used when person | ANATOMICAL POSITION
-Supine
-Prone |
| • Superior | Above |
| • Inferior | Below |
| • Anterior | Front |
| • Posterior | Back |
| • Medial | Close to Midline |
| • Lateral | Away from Midline |
| • Proximal | Close to point of attachment |
| • Distal | Far from point of attachment |
| • Superficial | Close to surface |
| • Deep | Toward interior of body |
| What are the Body Regions? | -Upper Limbs
-Lower Limbs
-Central
-Trunk |
| What are the Body Planes? and its descrption. | -Sagittal(runs vertically seperates body in left and right)
-Mid Sagittal(runs down the middle,divides body into equal left and right)
-Transverse(runs horizontally,separates top ang bottom)
-Frontal(runs vertically,separates anterior and posterior) |
| BODY CAVITIES | -Thoracic Cavity
-Mediastinum
-Abdominal Cavity
-Pelvic Cavity
-Pericardial Cavity
-Pleural Cavity
-Peritoneal Cavity |
| • Thoracic cavity | : heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea |
| • Mediastinum | : divides thoracic cavity into left and right |
| • Abdominal cavity | : stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys |
| • Pelvic cavity | : urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine |
| • Pericardial cavity | : around heart |
| • Pleural cavity | : around lungs |
| • Peritoneal cavity | : around abdominopelvic cavity |
| What are the 2 Membranes? | -Mesentery
-Serous Membrane |
| It cover organs and line cavity walls. | -Serous Membrane |
| double-layered membrane that covers organs and anchors them to body wall | -Mesentery |
| 2 types of Serous Membrane and its function | -Visceral Membrane(covers organ)
-Parietal Membrane(lines cavity wall) |
