| transduction | stimulus converted into nerve impulses |
| absolute threshold | lowest intensity of stimulus which can be detected 50% of the time |
| signal detection theory | factors that influence sensory detection |
| difference threshold | difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time |
| Weber's Law | difference threshold directly proportional to magnitude of stimulus |
| difference threshold for weights | 1/50 |
| True or False: The Lens reverses an image from right to left and top to bottom when presented to the retina, the brain then corrects this image. | true |
| myopia | shortsightedness |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| Amy has just walked into a dark cinema and needs a few minutes to adjust to the reduced light. What photoreceptors are needed to adjust to the new environment? | rods |
| you walk into an art exhibition and notice many paintings with a rich abundance of bright fluorescent colours. Which photoreceptors are more useful for appreciating these paintings? | rod |
| rods mainly occupy the ... area of the retina | central |
| fovea | area in the centre of retina, packed with cones |
| rods and cones connect to ... and ... cells | bipolar; ganglion |
| photopigments turn.... | light waves into nerve impulses |
| trichomatic theory | any colour created through combination of red, green, blue |
| Young-Helmholtz trichomatic theory | Three colour receptors: green, blue, red |
| Ewald Hering opponent process theory | blue-yellow |
| it has been found that opponent processing occurs not through ... activation but during ... activation | ganglion cell; cone |
| frequency | number of wave cycles per second |
| amplitude | vertical size of the sound waves |
| as soon as i walked into the opera i noticed a woman singing in an extremely high-pitched voice. her tone had high.... | frequency |
| cochlea | fluid filled tube in the inner ear |
| Basilar membrane | sheet of tissue runs length of cochlea |
| organs of corti | sheet of tissue that rests on Basilar Membrane |
| frequency theory of pitch perception | sound waves are matched by nerve impulses |
| place theory of pitch perception | frequency dictates where wave peak |
| conduction deafness | problems with mechanical system that transmits sound waves to the cochlea |
| nerve deafness | damaged receptors within inner ear or auditory nerve |
| Gustation | sense of taste |
| olfaction | sense of smell |
| taste buds | chemical receptors along the tongue |
| taste buds respond to four quantities | sweet, salty, sour, bitter |
| olfactory receptors occupy... | upper part of nasal cavity |
| olfactory bulb | forebrain structure above the nasal cavity |
| pheromones | chemical signals found in body scents |
| menstrual synchrony | women in close contact sometimes match menstrual cycles |
| humans experience four types of touch sensations | pressure, pain, warmth, cold |
| these messages are conveyed by .... in the skin | receptors |
| phantom limb phenomenon | feeling pain in amputated part of body |
| Gate theory | opening and closing of gate mechanism determines level of pain |
| endorphins | block neuro-transmission of pain impulses from spinal cord to brain |
| kinaesthesis | feedback about joint movements and position |
| vestibular sense | sense of body orientation and equilibrium |
| central control mechanism | nerve impulses from brain can influence pain impulse spreading |
| parvocellular pathway involves.... meanwhile the magnocellular pathway involves... | colour and fine detail; motion and dim light |
| if i am struggling to hear someone speaking to me, i may use visual information of lip movement, this will help me, according to the.... | principle of inverse effectiveness |
