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Unit 3 Vocab STATS


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[Front]


Population (population of intrest)
[Back]


An entire group of individuals that you're interested in learning about

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Unit 3 Vocab STATS - Marcador

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Unit 3 Vocab STATS - Detalles

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Population (population of intrest)
An entire group of individuals that you're interested in learning about
Sample
A smaller group of specific individuals selected from the population to study
Population of parameter of interest
A characteristic or measurement of the populations that you're interested in learning about
Sampling frame
A group of possible individuals you're creating a sample from
Census
When you survey the entire population instead of just a sample
Observation study
A study based on data in which no treatments are assigned
Experiment
Similar to observational study, but treatments are randomly assigned. Causation can be determined from experiments.
Convenience sample
A non-random sampling method that can only include individuals who are convenient/easy to sample, such as friends or the first person we see. Biased and not representative of the entire population.
Voluntary response sample
A non- random sampling method that only includes individual who choose to call-in, participate, etc. Biased and not representative of the entire population.
Random sample
A sampling method that use random chance to select individuals for a sample, which has no bias
Simple random sample
Using a random process to choose a group from the population so that every individual and every group of individuals is equally likely to be chosen
Sampling variability
The concept that the results from different samples won't be the exact same due to the random processes.
Margin of error
How far off our estimated value from a sample might be compared to the true value for a population
Bias
If a sampling method is biased, then something is wrong with how we collect data. This creates baddata that is not representative of the population.
Undercoverage bias
When the data collection process is set up in a way such that some members of a population cannot or are less likely to be included in a sample
Nonresponse bias
When an individual is part of a survey/ sample but does not respond or chooses not responds.
Response bias
Factors that influences individuals to provide false or inaccurate responses. Examples: wording of a question, who is asking the questions, lying, etc
Placebo effect
When someone receives a "fake" treatment and it actually helps them even through its not supposed to
Control group
A group that receives a placebo or no treatment, used as a baseline for comparison
Single blind
When the subjects/experimental units do not want the treamnets they are receiving
Confounding variables
A variable that influences both the explanatory and response variables, which may affect proving causation
Purpose of random assignment
To show causation from an experiment
Purpose of random sample
To generalize the results