running water and the development if landforms L13 M1 geography
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running water and the development if landforms L13 M1 geography - Marcador
running water and the development if landforms L13 M1 geography - Detalles
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| What is weathering? | Where the upper layers of the earths soils and rocks are exposed to physical, chemical and biological conditions which cause change to the structure of that material |
| What is mechanical weathering? (mechanical) | Disintegration of rock into smaller pieces without the chemical makeup of that rock changing. |
| What does mechanical weathering include? | Frost shattering and salt crystallisation |
| What is chemical weathering? | Decomposition of rock where chemical reactions occur and causes changes to the internal structure of that material |
| Main types of chemical weathering? | Oxidation, hydrolysis, hydration and dissolution |
| What is biological weathering? | Biological weathering occurs when plants break up rocks with roots or root exudates. The process is slow, but may strongly influence landscape formation. |
| What is mass movement? | Process which soil and rock move downslope under gravity and a number of underlying factors |
| What are the underlying factors? | Creep, landslide (slumping) and rock fall |
| What is erosion? | Removal of weathered sediment or rocks by the forces of wind, water and ice. |
| Courses of a river? | Upper course, middle course and lower course |
| What is transportation? | The process by which the river carries materials on its journey |
| What is deposition? | When material is deposited due to the loss of energy within the river flow |
| A river erodes in a combo of four things, what are they? | Attrition, abrasion (corrasion), corrosion and hydraulic action |
| What is vertical erosion? | When the gradient is steep and the river cuts down into the valley. (v - shaped valleys!) |
| What is lateral erosion? | Sideways erosion by a river on the outside of a meander channel |
| Types of transportation? | Traction, saltation, suspension and solution |
| What is the bedload? | The materials transported by a river |
| What is deposition? | When a river is 'laying down' the material is it carrying, this is because of the loss of energy in the river. |
| When deposition can occur? | Following a dry spell, when the current slows, when a river floods and water flows onto the floodplain, where a tributary joins a river. |
| Factors affecting these processes? | Climate, slope, geology, altitude and aspect |
| What is s slope? | The percent change in that elevation over a certain distance. |
| Why can a slope affect a river? | On steep slopes, velocity is increased and more energy is available to erode and transport bedrock material back downstream |
| How does geology affect a river? | The internal strength of a rock will determine how resilient it is. harder rock = withstand mass movement, erosion and other processes better than softer. |
| What is altitude? | The height above sea level |
| How can altitude affect a river? | Determines the energy of the river |
| What is aspect? | Direction which something faces, Like north, south, west, east. |
| How can a north facing slope affect a river? | They're colder and more prone to freeze thaw which creates more loose material to be eroded and transported by the river. |
| How can a southern facing slope affect a river? | Hotter, can be exposed to greater diurnal temps and lowest night time temps which can lead to higher rates of weathering |
| What is the source of a river? | Starting point of a river |
| What is the long profile of a river? | A way of displaying the channel slope of a river along its entire course |
| What is the mouth of a river? | The place where a river enters a lake, larger river, or the ocean |
| Which is the fastest point of a river? | Upper course |
| What is it called when a river reaches maturity? | Middle course |
| What are tributaries? | A freshwater stream that feeds into a larger stream or river. |
| What is a confluence? | The junction of two rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width. |
| What is the slowest part of a river? | Lower course |
| Why are v-shaped valleys so steep? | Soil and loose rock being washed downhill following periods of heavy rainfall |
| What are interlocking spurs? | When a river is forced to wind its way around protruding hillsides along the path of least resistance. |
| How are waterfalls created? | When there's a sudden interruption in the course of a river. When rivers meet a band of softer, less resistant rock after flowing over a relatively hard, resistant rock. the softer rock is warn away quicker, and the harder rock is undercut, then over time, it will collapse |
| How are plunge pools created? | When some of the rock from a collapse in a waterfall is swirled around by the river, during times of high discharge. |
| What is a meander? | When water flows in a curvy, bendy path, like a snake |
| How is meanders formed? | When water in the stream channel erodes the sediments of an outer bend of a streambank and deposits this and other sediment on subsequent inner bends downstream. |
| Whats an ox bow lake | The remains of the bend in the river |
| How are orc bow lakes formed? | Continual erosion and deposition narrows the neck of the meander. Often during a flood the river will cut through the neck. The river continues on its straighter path and the meander is abandoned. New deposition seals off the ends and the cut-off becomes an oxbow lake that will eventually dry up. |
| What is silt? | A solid, dust-like sediment that water, ice, and wind transport and deposit. |
| How are levees formed? | The natural movement of a body of water pushes sediment to the side, creating a natural levee. |