relationships
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relationships - Marcador
relationships - Detalles
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61 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Intersexual selection | Selection between sexes preferred by females quality > quantity |
| Why do females prefer quality? | Females produce fewer eggs in her lifetime than men produce sperm women also use more energy to produce eggs than men |
| Fisher Sexy Sons hypothesis | - females mate with males with desirable characteristics - their sons inherit the "sexy trait". this will increase chances of the sons producing offspring |
| Intrasexual selection | - most common strategy among men - quantity > quality - the 'winner' of the competition gets to pass characteristics that contributed to his victory by offspring |
| Consequences of intrasexual selection | - dimorphism : obvious differences between males and females. larger males are likely to win physical competitions with other male, being a larger male is an advantage. - males can also behave aggressively to 'protect' their fertile females from other men. |
| Anisogamy | - male reproductive strategy to mate with as many fertile females as possible - less energy needed to produce sperm and take care of offspring |
| Changing of partner preferences | - women can be less cautious as there is higher availability of contraception - women also do not have to worry about limited time given for fertility as medicine has advanced - females are also more present in the workforce, so they do not have to be financially dependent on men |
| Singh tested the role of female hip to waist raito in influencing male preference | - 0.7 hip to waist ratio was the most preferred - wider hips and smaller waist shows signs of fertility but not had kids yet |
| Self disclosure | The details people reveal about themselves to a partner. As breadth and depth increase, romantic partners become more committed to each other. |
| Social penetration theory | - concluded that trust is formed between partners when there is reciprocal exchange of information |
| Elements of self disclosure : reciprocity | - reciprocity is essential in romantic relationships. itll increase intimacy and deepen the relationship |
| Elements of self disclosure | Breadth and depth |
| +ve eval of self disclosure theory | - research shown stated that men and women who used self disclosure and believed their partner reciprocated were more satisfied and committed to their relationships - this research was also done on queer couples and they also agreed that self disclosure is vital to relationships |
| -ve of self disclosure theory | - cultural differences :based on western research so this cannot be applied to all cultures - a lot of self disclosure research is correlational. this means that self disclosure may not be the reason for healthy, long lasting relationships |
| Physical attractiveness | Is an honest signal and might convey genetic fitness - research states that people with symmetrical faces are considered more attractive. this is another symbol of genetic fitness |
| Shackelford and Larsen (1997) | Found that people with symmetrical and/or neotenous ('babyface') faces are rated as more attractive. |
| The halo effect | People have pre conceived ideas about attractive people and this is usually positive. - this means that attractive people are treated differently initially |
| Dion et Al research into halo effect | - Dion found that physically attractive people were consistently rated as king, strong and successful. all positive adjectives - the belief that attractive people are more likely to have these characteristics make them appear as even more attractive and cause people to behave more positively. |
| Palmer and Peterson (2012) research into halo effect | Found that physically attractive people were rated as more politically knowledgeable and competent than unattractive people; even when participants knew that these people had no particular expertise. |
| Matching hypothesis | Suggests that people are more likely to succeed in relationships and claim to like people who are of roughly equal physical attractiveness. - this is because we want to avoid rejection so we settle for someone in 'our league' |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Criticisms of reduced cues theory | - the theory suggests that non verbal cues are absent, however now there are emojis and you can tell the tone by |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Reduced cues theory | - implies that virtual relationships are less effective than face-to-face relationships because there is a lack of cues |
| Deindivduation | Due to lack in non-verbal cues, a feeling of complete anonymity and loss of control occurs |
| Self disclosure according to reduced cues theory | - reluctance in self disclosure because you do not want to initiate a relationship with someone who appears as impersonal |
| Hyperpersonal model | Argues that online relationships can be more personable and involve greater self-disclosure than face-to-face ones. |
| Limitation of cmc relationships | - boom and bust of online relationships - can end more quickly because of the high excitement level of interaction that isnt matched by the level of trust between the partners |
| Selective self presentation | - key feature of self disclosure in virtual relationships is that the individual cna be more selective on what to send. they can manipulate their image and only show what they want. |
| Anonymity in virtual relationships | People do not know your true identiy , this can lead to someone disclosing more about themselves to a stranger than even their most intimate partner. |
| Hyperpersonal model : gating | In virtual relations, there is an absence of gating |
| Gate | Any obstacle that can interfere with the early development of a relationship. in face-to-face interactions there are more gates like unactriveness and anxiety |
| McKenna and Bargh support for virtual relationship | - absence of gating is a positive thing as it allows for more self disclosure. allowing the relationship to be deeper. |
| Criticisms of reduced cues theory | - the theory suggests that non verbal cues are absent, however now there are emojis and you can tell the tone by the style and timing of the messages |
| Eval of virtual relationships | - most relationships are both online and offline, so it is difficult to talk about them exclusively |
| Support for absence of gating | - research shows that lonely and anxious people were able to express themselves better than in ftf relations - of the romantic relationships that initially form online, 70% survived more than 2 years |
| Criticisms of the absorption addiction model | - based on correlational studies - only describes levels of parasocial relations, does not explain |
| Criticisms of the absorption addiction model | - based on correlational studies - only describes levels of parasocial relations, does not explain |
| Criticisms of the absorption addiction model | - based on correlational studies - only describes levels of parasocial relations, does not explain |
| Criticisms of the absorption addiction model | - based on correlational studies - only describes levels of parasocial relations, does not explain |
| Celebrity attitude scale | There are three levels to parasocial relationships |
| Entertainment-social level | - least intense level - celebs are viewed as sources of entertainment or fuel for social interaction (gossip) |
| Intense personal level | - intermediate level - considering celeb as soulmate - frequent obsessive thoughts |
| Borderline pathological | - strongest level - uncontrollable fantasies and extreme behavior - may include stalking, or committing an illegal act for the celeb |
| Absorption addiction model | - tendency to form parasocial relationships arise from deficiencies people have in their real life. - allow people to escape real life or find fulfillment that they cant achieve in irl relationships - someone may start at the entertainment social level however a personal crisis may lead to the parasocial relationship escalating |
| Absorption component of the absorption addiction model | Absorption suggests that the seeking of fulfilment in celebrity worship motivates the individual to focus their attention as far as possible on the celebrity |
| Addiction component of the absorption addiction model | - individual needs to sustain their commitments to the celeb - this can lead to delusional thinking or extreme behaviours like stalking |
| Early attachment and parasocial relationships | It has been argued that the development of parasocial relationships in adolescence and adulthood is because of attachment difficulties in early childhood. - insecure avoidant and insecure resistant attachment types are more likely to form parasocial relations (esp IR individuals) |
| Criticisms of attachment theory and parasocial relationships | - research conducted found that insecure attachment individuals were just as likely to form parasocial relationships as securely attached people - self report methods are not accurate - correlational studies do not show that the attachment type are the cause for parasocial relationships |
| Criticisms of the absorption addiction model | - based on correlational studies - only describes levels of parasocial relations, does not explain |