Human Biology - Receptors and Reflexes
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In Inglés
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Human Biology - Receptors and Reflexes - Marcador
Human Biology - Receptors and Reflexes - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What are receptors? | Able to detect a change in the body's internal or external environments can be grouped together in a sense organ or as a specialised nerve ending |
| Thermoreceptors function and location | Thermoreceptors detect temperature changes located within the skin and in the hypothalamus (temperature of blood flowing through the brain) hypothalamus regulates body temp using this info |
| Osmoreceptors function and location | Located in the hypothalamus detect changes in osmotic pressure even if minimal osmotic pressure refers to the amount of solute in the blood plasma (High osmotic pressure = more solute/low osmotic pressure = less solute) body water content is strictly controlled |
| Chemoreceptors function and location | Stimulated by certain chemicals found in the nose and mouth giving the sense of taste and smell internal receptors in carotid/aortic bodies and medulla internal receptors sensitive to pH level, O2 and CO2 |
| Mechanoreceptors function and location | Found mainly in skin, detect touch types include 1=close to surface, sensitive to light touch (more common in sensitive areas) 2=located deeper, sensitive to pressure and vibrations |
| Nociceptors (Pain Receptors) function and location | Stimulated through damage to tissue concentrated in skin and lining of internal structures does not adapt quickly so pain is consistent (protective mechanism) |
| Photoreceptors function and location | Located as cones and rods in the eye (specifically the retina) respond to light convert light in to signals sent to the brain for processing |
| What are reflexes | Rapid automatic response to a change in environment mostly coordinated by spinal cord (spinal reflex) some involve unconscious parts of the brain pathway of impulse called reflex arc |
| The four properties of a reflex | -stimulus -involuntary -rapid -stereotyped |
| 5 stages of the spinal reflex | 1=receptor, reacts to a change in the environment and initiates a nerve impulse 2=sensory neuron, carries the impulse to the CNS 3=synapse, at least one and one or more interneurons 4=motor neuron, nerve impulse to the effector 5=effector, receives nerve impulse and acts |
| Other impulses include... | -protective reflexes (present from birth) -learned reflexes (acquired due to repetition) |