Pharmacology- Types of drugs and how they work
This is good for reviewing drugs used to treat conditions for different body systems, generic, trade name,etc.
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Pharmacology- Types of drugs and how they work - Marcador
Pharmacology- Types of drugs and how they work - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| True or false: acetaminophen treats both pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. | False. Acetaminophen does not treat inflammation. |
| True or false: there are no long-term side effects from taking salicylate drugs. | False. They cause stomach irritation and gastric ulcers long-term. |
| Types of salicylate drugs | Aspirin (Bayer, Ecotrin), magnesium salicylate (Doan's) |
| How is Ecotrin administered? | It is an enteric-coated tablet that is administered rectally. |
| Prostaglandins cause: | Inflammation |
| NSAIDs treat pain and inflammation by: | Inhibiting production of prostaglandins |
| NSAIDs | Diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), fenoprofen (Nalfon), indomethacin (Indocin), keptoprofen, meloxicam (Mobic), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam (Feldene), sulindac (Clinoril) |
| What was the first Rx topical skin gel approved by the FDA for treating osteoarthritis? | Diclofenac (Voltaren) |
| Indocin (indomethacin) is used to treat osteoarthritis and ..: | It is given intravenously to newborns to close persistent patent ductus arteriosus. |
| 2 NSAIDs used only to treat animals include: | Carpofen (Rimadyl) for cats and dogs; and phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) for horses. |
| COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) is a(n): | Enzyme that plays a role in production of prostaglandins. |
| COX-2 inhibitor drugs work by: | Selectively inhibiting COX-2, which decreases production of prostaglandins. |
| The only COX-2 inhibitor still on the market is: | Celebrex (celecoxib) |
| COX-2 inhibitors that were removed from the market for increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes are: | Rofecoxib (Vioxx) and valdecoxib (Bextra) |
| True or false: corticosteroid drugs used to treat osteoarthritis are analgesics. | False, they are anti-inflammatory, used to treat acute flare-ups of inflammation of joints. |
| Corticosteroids that can be directly injected into a joint | Betamethasone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone) |
| Celestone | Betamethasone |
| Hydrocortisone | Cortef and Solu-Cortef |
| Medrol and Solu-Medrol | Methylprednisolone |
| Triamcinolone | Aristospan Intra-articular and Kenalog-10 |
| Secreted by the synovial membrane of a joint to maintain the thick, slippery quality of synovial fluid. | Hyaluronic acid |
| 2 brand name drugs for hyaluronic acid are: | Hyalgan and Synvisc |
| The drug hyaluronic acid is derived from: | The combs of chickens |
| Limbrel (flavocoxid) is categorized as a: | Medical food product (it contains plant antioxidants) |
| Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a(n): | Enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. |
| Prostaglandins also do this: | Protect the stomach mucous membranes. |
| Osteo-Bi_Flex contains: | Glucosamine and chondroitin |
| Glucosamine | Helps the body produce cartilage |
| Chondroitin | Helps cartilage retain water content |
| Types of drugs used to treat osteoarthritis: | Acetaminophen, salicylate drugs, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and corticosteroids. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by: | Autoimmune response where the immune system destroys cartilage, connective tissue, and joints. |
| The first drugs used to treat RA are: | Acetaminophen, salicylate drugs, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and corticosteroids. |
| Drugs used to treat RA that are more intensive include: | Gold compound drugs, monoclonal antibody drugs, Janus kinase inhibitor drugs, and immunosuppressant drugs |
| Gold compound drugs treat RA by: | Inhibiting macrophages in the immune system from attacking joints. |
| Monoclonal antibody drugs treat RA by: | Preventing lymphocytes from making antibodies against joint tissues, and by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor. |
| 3 substances that can cause inflammation are: | Prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokines |
| Janus kinase is a(n) | Enzyme within cells that triggers cytokines (which are released by WBCs during an autoimmune response.) |
| Azathioprine and cyclosporine treat RA by | Suppressing the immune response |
| Abatacept treats RA by: | Inhibiting T lymphocytes that attack joint tissues |
| Anakinra treats RA by: | Blocking interleukin-1 from binding to receptors on cartilage cells and destroying cartilage. |
| Etanercept treats RA by: | Blocking tumor necrosis factor and by suppressing the immune response. |
| Hydroxychloroquine treats RA by: | It is unknown how hydroxychloroquine works to treat RA. |
| Leflunomide treats RA by: | Controlling an overactive immune response |
| Methotrexate is used to treat both RA and: | Cancer (it is a chemotherapy drug) |
| Sulfasalazine has what kind of therapeutic effect? | Anti-inflammatory |
| Brand name drugs for hyaluronic acid include: | Hyalgan and Synvisc |
| Limbrel is the brand name for what drug? | Flavocoxid |
| Topical drugs used to treat pain of osteoarthritis include: | Aspercreme, Capsin, Icy Hot, Bengay, Musterole Deep Strength Rub, Therapeutic Mineral Ice |
| What does Aspercreme contain? | Trolamine salicylate |
| What ingredients make up Bengay, Musterole, and Therapeutic Mineral Ice? | Methyl salicylate and menthol) |
| Brand name for auranofin | Ridaura |
| Monoclonal antibody drugs used to treat RA include: | Humira, Cimzia, Simponi, Remicade, Rituxan, and Actemra |
| Generic drug name for Humira: | Adalimumab |
| Generic name for Cimzia: | Certolizumab |
| Generic name for Simponi | Golimumab |
| Generic name for Remicade | Infliximab |
| Generic name for Rituxan | Rituximab |
| Generic name for Actemra | Tocilizumab |
| What type of drug is Xeljanz (used to treat RA)? | It's a Janus Kinase inhibitor drug |
| Generic name for Xeljanz | Tofacitinib |
| Oral contraceptive drugs contain a combination of: | Estrogen and progestins |
| FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the: | Anterior pituitary gland |
| LH (luteinizing hormone) | Causes follicle to rupture and release mature ovum |
| Monophasic oral contraceptive drugs | Have 1 phase: fixed dose of a progestins drug and fixed dose of an estrogen drug in one tablet. |
| Phase 1 of biphasic oral contraceptives: | Fixed doses of both progestins and estrogen drugs. |
| In phases 2 and 3 of triphasic contraceptives, the levels of progestin and estrogen: | Vary, going up or down or staying the same from one phase to the next. |
| In triphasic oral contraceptives, the length of phases: | Can vary from 5 days to 21 days |
| Four-phasic oral contraceptives: | Have phases that vary in length of time and in the dosage of different drugs contained in the drugs. |
| NuvaRing and Ortho Evra are hormone contraceptives with | Fixed daily doses of a progestins drug and an estrogen drug, not given orally. |
| Progestins-only contraceptives | Are slightly less effective, but they decrease the risk of blood clots. |
| Suppresses the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland | Progestins and estrogen drugs |
| Serious adverse effects of oral contraceptives include: | Blood clots, stroke, and heart attack |
| The change from taking hormone drugs to taking sugar tablets triggers: | The onset of menstruation. |
| 2 biphasic oral contraceptive drugs. | LoSeasonique and Seasonique |
| Patients who take ________ or __________ only have menstrual periods 4 times a year. | LoSeasonique, Seasonique |
| Triphasic drug Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 reflects: | The number of days in each phase |
| 2 brand name four-phasic oral contraceptives | Natazia and Quartette |
| Many of the trade names of this kind of contraceptive drug are women's names. | Progestins-only contraceptives |
| These progestins-only contraceptives are in the form of implants under the skin. | Implanon, Nexplanon (generic: etonogestrel) |
| This progestin-only contraceptive is in the form of a T-shaped device inserted into the uterus. | Mirena (levonorgestrol) |
| These oral progestins-only contraceptives are taken after sex to prevent pregnancy. | Plan B, Plan B One-Step, Ella (ulipristal) |
| St. John's wort (an herb taken for depression) causes hormone levels to _____________, which _________ chance of pregnancy for patients taking oral contraceptives. | Decrease, increases |
| Ovulation-stimulating drugs work by stimulating a _________ ovary to develop many follicles and release several _______ ova. | Non-ovulating, mature |
| Ovulation-stimulating drugs are appropriate for patients with | Anovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome, hormonal imbalance |
| Ovulation-stimulating drugs are not appropriate for patients with infertility due to | Blocked uterine tubes, or problems that require surgical intervention. |
| Some ovulation-stimulating drugs work by | Inhibiting secretion of FSH and LH to prevent premature surging of hormones during ovulation |
| Some ovulation-stimulating drugs work by acting like the drug: | Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |
| This hormone keeps the endometrium thickened and ready for a fertilized ovum to be implanted. | Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |