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183 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| - finite - ordered - items must be of the same type | What are 3 properties of a 1-dimensional array? |
| BirdName = ["robin", "blackbird", "pigeon"] | How would you define an array called birdName with the contents "robin", "blackbird" and "pigeon"? |
| Len[birdName] | How would you return the length of the array birdName? |
| 7 | Assuming this table is called numbers, what would be in numbers[1,2]? |
| 2-dimensional | What type of array is this? quarterSales = [[100, 110], [130, 80], [90, 210], [60, 130]] |
| - The elements don't need to be of the same type - Immutable (it's elements can't be changed and you can't dynamically add or remove elements) | How is a tuple different from an array? |
| Pupil = ("John", 78, "a") | How do you define a tuple in python? create a tuple called pupil with the values "john", "78", "a" |
| Pupil[0] | How do you refer to the first element in the tuple called "pupil"? |
| When you want to store data permanently in a file on disk | When would you use a record? |
| Student.surname | Below is the declaration of a new record, how would you then refer to the surname? studentType = record integer ID string firstname string surname date dateOfBirth string class end record |
| - Queues - Stacks - Trees - Graphs | What are 4 examples of abstract data types? |
| - Printer queue - Queue of keys pressed on a keyboard | What are two real-world examples of uses of queues? |
| EnQueue(item) | How do you add an item to the end of a queue? (code) |
| DeQueue() | How do you remove the front item from the queue and return it? |
| IsEmpty() | How do you check if the queue is empty? |
| IsFull() | How do you check if a queue is full? |
| - Dynamic data structures are ones which can grow or shrink in size - They require a heap in order to work | What is a dynamic data structure and what do they require in order to work? |
| A portion of memory from which space is automatically allocated or de-allocated as needed | What is the heap? |
| A list | What's an example of a dynamic data structure in python? |
| May grow too large and cause overflow, crashing the program | What's a downside of using a dynamic data structure? |
| - moving the items forward items are removed (may cause long processing time with large queues) - keeping the items in place and using pointers instead | What are 2 ways of implementing a linear queue? |
| - Space which can't be filled will slowly show up at the start of the queue - Can be fixed with a circular queue - putting new items at the start of the queue once the end is reached like a loop | What is an issue with using pointers in a linear queue and how can it be fixed? |
| A queue where the items are ordered by priority, not order in which they were added | What is a priority queue? |
| Trying to pop from a stack which is already empty | In the context of stacks, what is underflow? |
| MyList.isEmpty() | In python, how do you test if a list "myList" is empty? |
| MyList.append(123) | In python, how do you add "123" to the end of the list "myList"? |
| Removes the first occurence of "item" in the list "myList" | In python, what does "myList.remove(item)" do? |
| MyList.search(item) | In python, how do you search for "item" in the list "myList"? |
| MyList.length() | In python, how do you return the length of the list "myList"? |
| Returns the position of "item" in the list | In python, what does "index(item)" do? |
| MyList.insert(2,7) | In python, how do you insert "2" at the position "7" in the list "myList"? |
| With pointer fields which point to the next 'node' in a list | How are linked lists connected? |
| - Pressing the back button on a web browser - Pressing undo in photoshop or word | What are two common everyday applications of a stack? |
| - A pointer to the top of the stack - A var holding the size of the array (the maximum size of the stack) | A stack can be implemented with either a dynamic or a static data structure, what two additional variables are needed if a static data structure is used? |
| Push(item) | How do you add a new item to a stack? (code) |
| Pop() | How do you remove and return an item from a stack? (code) |
| Returns the top item from the stack without removing it | In the context of stacks, what does peek() do? |
| IsEmpty() | How do you check if a stack is empty? (code) |
| IsFull() | How do you check if a stack is full? (code) |
| Append() | What command would you use to 'push' an item onto the end of a stack in python? |
| The address of the instruction that control should return to when a subroutine ends | What does the call stack hold? |
| - Stack frames are groupings in the stack, they show the stuff related to different subroutines called | What is a stack frame? |
| Divide the key by the number of AVAILABLE addresses and take the remainder as the address | What is a common hashing algorithm? (explain the process, not the name) |
| - Dividing the item into equal parts and then adding them together to get the hash value - If it's too big to store, divide by the number of spaces in the table | What is the folding method? (hashing algorithm) and what extra step must be taken if the resulting hash is too large to store on the table? |
| Using the ASCII code for each character | How can you hash an alphanumeric string? |
| 65 | What is the ASCII value for A? |
| Finding a free space after a collision occurs | What is rehashing? |
| Dictionaries | What data structure are hash tables used for the implementation of? |
| An abstract data type consisting of pairs of items - a key and a value | What is a dictionary? |
| Dictionary | What data structure is this? IDs = {342: "Ellen", 634: "Jasmine", 885: "Max", 571: "Sheila"} |
| Adjacency matrix and adjacency list | What are the two ways of implementing a graph? |
| - Adjacency matrix - Distance is 2 | Which implementation of a graph is this? (adjacency matrix or adjacency list?) And what is the distance from B --> D? |
| Write 1s instead of weights in the table | How would you alter an adjacency matrix to represent an unweighted graph? |
| - In a graph with lots of nodes but very few connections there is alot of wasted memory - Adjacency lists fix the issue | What is an issue with adjacency matrices? And what is an alternative which fixes this issue? |
| Adjacency List | What type is this? |
| 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 | What would be the order of traversal for a depth-first traversal? |
| 1, 2, 7, 8 3, 6 9 12 4, 5 10, 11 | What about in a breadth-first traversal? |
| - Roads between towns - Networks | What are two things graphs could be used to represent? |
| Left subtree -> root node -> right subtree | What order is the tree traversed in an in-order traversal? |
| Left subtree -> right subtree -> root node | What order is the tree traversed in a post-order traversal? |
| Root node -> left subtree -> right subtree | What order is the tree traversed in a pre-order traversal? |
| - Pen-type - Laser Scanners - CCD readers - Camera based readers | What are 4 types of barcode scanners? |
| Pen-type readers are the most durable type BUT they need to come into physical contact with what they're reading to work | What type of barcode reader is the most durable and what is the drawback of it? |
| - Barcode Readers - biometric devices - sensors | Give 3 examples of automatic input devices? |
| Can store lots of data cheaply but is inconvenient to move around | One advantage and one disadvantage of magentic storage |
| Portable and cheap but small capacity and easily damaged | TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of optical storage |
| - Backup is a precaution against losing data - Archiving is storing rarely used data to free up space | What's the difference between backup and archiving? |
| Pits and lands - Pits are burned into the disk's surface with a laser making it less reflective at those points. pit = 1 land = 0 | How is data stored on optical storage? And how is 0 and 1 represented? |
| Blu-Ray has shorter wavelength in the laser which allows much smaller pits to be engraved which means more can be fit in a smaller space | Blu-Ray vs CD ROM - Which has higher capacity and why? |
| They all have a way of representing 1 and 0 without power | What is a similarity between all secondary storage devices? |
| Camera-based scanners | What is the most reliable type of barcode reader? (use for Berlin Film Festival Tickets) |
| Laser scanners | What type of barcode reader is used in supermarkets? |
| - RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) - Passive and Active | What is the technology used for oyster cards and what are the two types? |
| Dog tagging | What is another use of RFID tags other than bank cards/oyster cards? |
| OLED is plastic so it can bend | What's the difference between LED and OLED screens? |
| - don't last as long - sensitive to water - slow refresh rate (bad for games) | What are 3 disadvantages of OLED displays? |
| - Thinner - Don't need backlighting - Consume less power | What are 3 advantages of OLED displays? |
| - they're decent quality and FAST - They use toner as ink | What's the good thing about laser printers and what type of ink do they used? |
| - Inkjet - Works by spraying minute dots on the page | What type of printer is very high quality and how does it work? |
| Moving an aileron | What is a use of an actuator in the context of a plane? |
| - Fast read/write speed - Power efficient - Less fragile - Silent - More portable | Name 5 advantages of SSDs |
| - Relatively low capacity - Expensive | Give 2 disadvantages of SSDs |
| To bridge the user and the computer hardware, since the user cannot communicate with the hardware directly | What is the purpose of an operating system? |
| - Control Hardware - Manage software (loading into RAM) - Provide security (username and password) - User interface - Processor scheduling | Name 5 functions of an operating system |
| - Kernel - Drivers - User Interface - System Utilities | Name the 4 main parts of an OS |
| Paging is fixed size (4Kb) segments, segmentation is varying length segments | What's the difference between paging and segmentation (mention exact size where necessary) |
| - Pages are fixed size | What is one difference between pages and segments? |
| The allocation of segments or sections of memory to allow a process to run | What is memory segmentation? |
| To compensate for the difference in speed between the peripheral and the CPU | What is the point of a buffer (in the context of peripheral management) |
| The memory manager determines the least used page and copies it into virtual memory. The free area is re-numbered by the memory manager and marked as free for use | (paging) What happens if RAM is full but more pages are needed? |
| Quickly loading and unloading things from RAM | What causes disk thrashing? |
| When memory locations get 'locked up' because the data isn't properly flushed so the memory manager thinks it's still in use | What is a memory leak? |
| When a stack gets too full and runs out of free memory to use | What is stack overflow? |
| At the end of each fetch-decode-execute cycle | When does the CPU check for interrupts? |