Microbiology
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Microbiology - Marcador
Microbiology - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microbes and debris a soap or detergent used to sanitize | Skin decontamination/sanitation: |
| An organism that bears a mutation | Mutant strain |
| - parent cell enlarges - chromosomes are duplicated - cell envelope pulls together in the center of the cell to form a septum -cell divides into two daughter cells | Binary fission and the results |
| NA | NA |
| Makes a copy of the DNA Primer: applies primer | DNA processes in detail: replication |
| Creates RNA from DNA genes | Transcription: |
| Creates protein to rna | Translation: |
| Are small changes that affect only one base on a gene. They can involve the addition, deletion, or substitution of a single base. | (Point mutations) |
| Are mutations that cause cell dysfunction or death. | (Lethal mutations) |
| Is a type of mutation that results in a change in the genetic code, causing a different amino acid to be placed in the proteins | (Missense mutation |
| Is another type of mutation that changes a normal codon into a stop codon, which does not code for an amino acid. | Nonsense mutation |
| Is a random change in the DNA that happens when errors occur during DNA replication. | Spontaneous mutation |
| On the other hand, result from exposure to known mutagens such as chemicals, radiation, or other environmental factors. | Induced mutations, |
| Are neither harmful nor beneficial to the organism. | Neutral mutations |
| Occur when a gene that has undergone a mutation reverses back to its original base composition. | Back mutations |
| Existing Dna change | Mutations |
| An organism that bears a mutation | Mutant strain |
| Occurs when one or more bases are inserted or deleted from a newly synthesized DNA strand, nearly always results in a non fuctional protien | Fameshift worst mutation |
| Removes/destroys all viable microorganisms including viruses (usually used for medical instruments) | ). Sterilization |
| Reduces number of microbes on the skin (scrubbing of the skin or immersing it in chemicals) Mechanically removes potential pathogens on the outer layer of the skin | Antisepsis/germation: |
| Any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microbes and debris a soap or detergent used to sanitize | Skin decontamination/sanitation: |
| Protein shell on outside | Understand the structure of viruses : Capsid |
| Genetic material that is DNA or RNA | Nucleic acid |
| Capsid+nucleic acid together | Nucleocapsid |
| Envelope present | Enveloped virus |
| Envelope absent (only have a nucleocapsid) | Naked virus: |
| 1. Adsorption (ALL) 2. Penetration (PEOPLE) 3. Uncoating (UNDER) 4. Synthesis (SIXTEEN) 5. Assembly (ARE) 6. Release from the host cell (REBELLIOUS) | Know the steps of viral replication |
| Temperature PH level | Understand the various environmental requirements and how to apply them |
| New DNA has entered the cell from outside | Recombination: |
| Comes from living bacteria | Conjugation: |
| Bacteriophage transfers DNA | Transduction: |
| Eliminates all microbial life | Sterilization |
| Bacteriophages: -occurs in cytoplasm Virus : occurs in cytoplasm & nucleus | Synthesis and assembly |
| Bacterophages : Cell lysis when viral enzymes weaken it Virus: Some cells lyse, other bud | Release from host cell |
| Unzips the helix | Helicase(REPLICATION) |
| : adds bases to new DNA chain (can only add from 5’-3’) | DNA polymerase 3(REPLICATION) |
| Removes primer, closes gaps, repairs mistake Ligase: final binding in DNA during synthesis and repair | DNA polymerase 1: REPLICATION |