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On deontological theories: motives and actions are...?

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Morally right independent of the consequences

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On deontological theories: motives and actions are...?

Morally right independent of the consequences

Etymologically, deontology is...?

The science of moral duty first appeared in writing in1817.

Deontology finds its origin from the greek word "???", which means?

... Greek word "deont" - meaning "that which is binding, duty"

Kant has defined the so-called ??? Principles that are universal and are followed regardless of circumstances.

Categorical imperatives or non-conditional (exception free)

The Categorical Imperative posits that the moral value of an action depends on the...?

Underlying moral rule

The 3 keme formulation ni Kant, Categorical Imperative:

1. Categorical Imperative 1st formulation 2. Categorical Imperative 2nd formulation 3. Perfect and imperfect duties

The 3 keme formulation ni Kant, Categorical Imperative: 1: Act only from moral rules that youccan for it not to have contradictions. Example: Making a promise with the intention of breaking it later. Which is flawed.

Categorical Imperative (qst formulation)

The 3 keme formulation ni Kant, Categorical Imperative: 2: Act so that you treat both yourself and other people as ends in themselves and never only as a means to an end.

Categorical Imperative (2nd formulation)

The 3 keme formulation ni Kant, Categorical Imperative: 3.1: Duty obliged to fulfill without exception. Example, telling the truth.

Perfect duty

The 3 keme formulation ni Kant, Categorical Imperative: 3.2: Duty obliged to fulfill in general but not in every instance. Example, helping others.

Imperfect duty

In a conflict between a perfect and imperfect duty, ??? prevails.

Perfect duty prevails

Types of Deontological ethical theories:

A. (A.a) Negative and (A.b) Positive Rights Theories B. Social Contract theories C. Social justice theories

Types of Deontological ethical theories: A.a: Asserts that an action is right if it protects the individual from harm or unwarranted interference from other people or the government while exercising his right. Example: Selling your property without the interference of others.

Negative Rights Theory

Types of Deontological ethical theories: A.b: Posits that an action is right if it provides an individual woth anything that he needs to exist. Example, the right to adequate healthcare.

Positive rights theory

Types of Deontological ethical theories: B: Posits that people with each other to abide ny the moral and political obligations towards the society in which they live. Is based on the notion that of there is no order and law in the society, then people will have unlimited freedoms like killing another because of too much hatred, stealing money and property because one needs it etc. It would then be chaotic thus, people enter into an agreement with each other to give up some of the freedoms and accept the obligation to respect and safeguard the rights of others. The individual then gains civil rights that constitute the social benefits that he is entitled to the extent he fulfills due to his obligations towards society.

Social Contract Theories

Types of Deontological ethical theories: C: ait asserts that the action is right if it confirms the fairness in the distributive, retributive dimensions of cost and rewards.

Social Justice Theory

Types of Deontological ethical theories: C: Social Justice Theory: means the perceived fairness in the distribution of social benefits and burden among the group members

The distributive dimension

Types of Deontological ethical theories: C: Social Justice Theory: considers the punishment proportionate to the extent of the crime

Retributive dimension

Types of Deontological ethical theories: C: Social Justice Theory: Is the way people are compensated in relation to the injuries inflicted upon them.

Compensatory dimension

On teological theories: rightness or wrongness solely depend on the...?

Consequences

Etymologically, teology is the...:

Study of final causes

Teology is a term coined by ???, from the modern latin term "teologica" first written in 1740.

German philosopher Baron Christian von Wolff (1679-1754)

Teology finds its origin from the greek word (a) "??? - meaning ???" A genetive of (b) ??? - meaning... And (c) greek word "logia" - meaning ???

(a) teleos - meaning entire, perfect, complete,"; a genetive of (b) telos - meaning end, limit, goal, result, fulfillment, completion"; and (c) greek word "logia" - meaning a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science.

Teleological ethics theories are based on an assumption that a decision is judged in terms of the: -the action in itself cannot be good or bad but the outcome or the impact of the action upon people involved are judged as either negative or positive.

Assessment of outcome

3 types of Teleological Ethical Theories:

A. Ethical egoism B. Utilitarianism C. Eudaimonism

3 types of Teleological Ethical Theories: A: It posits that an action is good if it produces or is likely to produce results that maximize the person's self-interest which the person himself defines. Even at the expense of others It is based on the notion that it is always right to promote one's own good.

Ethical egoism

3 types of Teleological Ethical Theories: 2: Posits that an action is good if it results in maximum satisfaction for a large number of people who are likely to get affected by the action.

Utilitarianism

3 types of Teleological Ethical Theories: 3: It posits that an action is good if it results in the fulfillment of goals also with the welfare of the human beings. The action are said to be fruitful if it promotes or tends to promote the fulfillment of goals that constitute human natureand its happiness.

Eudaimonism

Utilitarianism is a classical teological theory that is widely applied to explain the (a)? It posits that efficiency and pursuit towards a (b) ____ is the basis of morality. In simple terms, an action is right if it increases satisfaction or happiness.

(A) rationality of decisions and actions (B) higher satisfaction level

Utilitarianism theory is based on calxulations-- Bentham asserted that the quantity and quality of happiness can be measured in terms of:

A. Intensity B. Duration C. Certainty - a probability of happiness or suffering taking place D. Volume - a number of involved individuals E. Time - whether happiness or suffering will happen now or in the future; F. Future consequences - Whether the particular activity bring benefit also in the future; G. Purity - Whether the outcome delivers solely benefit or does is it also bring suffering.

(3) Other ethical theories:

A. Subjective relativism B. Cultural relativism C. Divine command theory

(3) Other ethical theories: A: Right and wrong for each person are decided by themselves. What's wrong for someone may be right for someone else. Agreements: There can be dis

Subjective relativism