Financial Management
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Financial Management - Marcador
Financial Management - Detalles
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Key attributes of successful companies | Skilled people, strong external relationships, sufficient capital |
An unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits | Proprietorship |
It is easily and inexpensively formed. | Proprietorship |
It is subject to few government regulations. | Proprietorship |
Its income is not subject to corporate taxation. | Proprietorship |
Difficult to obtain the capital needed for growth | Proprietorship |
Unlimited personal liability | Proprietorship |
Limited to the life of its founder | Proprietorship |
All partners enjoy limited liability with regard to the business' liabilities and their potential losses are limited to their investment | Limited liability partnership |
Legal entity created under state laws, and it is separate and distinct from its owners and managers | Corporation |
Unlimited life | Corporation |
Easy transferability of ownership interest | Corporation |
Limited liability | Corporation |
Type of corporations that is formed by doctors, lawyers, and accountants | Professional corporation |
Selling stock to the public at large | Initial public offering |
Set of rules that control the company's behavior towards its directors, managers, employees, shareholders, creditors, customers, competitors, and community | Corporate governance |
Three factors where FCF depend | Sales revenues, operating costs and taxes, required investments in operating capital |
Increase sales and prices by truly understanding their customers and then designing goods and services that customers want | Brand managers and marketing managers |
Improve productivity through training and employee retention | Human resource managers |
Improve profit margins, reduce inventory, and improve throughout at facories by implementing supply chain management, JIT management, and lean manufacturing | Production and logistics managers |
Rate of return required by investors | Weighted average cost of capital |
Bank, mutual fund | Financial intermediary |
Variety of financial securities | Human creativity, ingenuity, governmental regulations |
Pieces of paper with contractual provisions that entitle their owners to specific rights and claims on specific cash flows or values | Financial securities |
Have specified payments and specified maturity | Debt instruments |
Debt matures in more than one year | Capital market security |
Debt matures in less than a year | Money market security |
Claim upon a residual value | Equity instruments |
Securities whose values depend on, or are derived from, the values of some other traded assets | Derivatives |
Fundamental factor affecting the cost of money (1) | Production opportunities |
Fundamental factor affecting the cost of money (2) | Time preferences for consumption |
Vast majority of their deposits from individuals who lived in nearby neighborhoods | Savings and loan associations |
Process whereby banks, the remaining S&Ls, and socialized mortgage originating firms would originate mortgages and then sell them to investment banks | Mortgage securitization |
Most often uses open market operations to purchases treasury securities held by banks | Federal Reserve Policy |
The value of an investment depends on what happens to exchange rates | Exchange rate risk |
M&A analysis and Investment management are provided by | Investment banks |
Same with S&Ls but they operate primarily in the northeastern states | Mutual savings banks |
Invest in short-term, low-risk securities, such as treasury bills and commercial paper | Money market funds |
Allows investors to sell their share at any time during normal trading hours | Exchange traded fund |
Company's stock is not traded in the public markets | Private equity funds |
Take premiums, invest these funds in stocks, bonds, real estate, and mortgages and then make payments to beneficiaries | Life insurance companies |
Bring together people and organizations needing money with those having surplus funds | Financial markets |
Those for such products as wheat, autos, real estate, computers, and machinery | Physical asset markets |
Deal with stocks, bonds, notes, mortgages, derivatives, and other financial instruments | Financial asset markets |
Markets for short term highly liquid debt securities | Money markets |
Deals with loans on residential, agricultural, commercial and industrial real estate | Mortgage markets |
Loans for autos,appliances, education, vacations | Consumer credit markets |
Depending on an organization's size, and scope of operations | World, national, regional, local markets |
Markets in which corporations raise new capital | Primary markets |
Markets in which existing, already outstanding securities are traded among investors | Secondary markets |
Transactions are worked out directly between two parties | Private markets |
Standardized contracts are traded on organized exchanges | Public markets |
There are market makers who keep an inventory of the stock in much the same way that any merchant keeps an inventory. | Dealer market |
Third method of matching orders | Electronic communications network |
Whenever stock is offered to the public for the first time, the company is said to be in | Initial Public Offering |
If a company later decides to sell additional shares to raise new equity capital | Seasoned equity offering |
It was a privately held firm owned by its members. One of the two leading U.S stock markets today. | New York Stock Exchange |
It is a self-regulatory body that licenses brokers and oversees trading practices. One of the two leading U.S stock markets today. | National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System |
Some of which where themselves combined and subdivided into other securities, commonly called CDOs-squared. | Collateralized debt obligations |
It is the average return required by all of the firm's investors. | Weighted average cost of capital |
To maximize the fundamental, or intrinsic, value of the firm's stock | Manager's primary goal |
Usually begins with the chairman's description of the firm's operating results during the past year and a discussion of new developments that will affect future operations | Company's annual report |
Four basic financial statements | Balance sheet, income statement, statement of stockholders' equity, statement of cash flows |
Hybrid, cross between common stock and debt | Preferred stock |
Other things held constant, a positive net income will lead to more cash in the bank | Net income before preferred dividends |
To calculate cash flow, it is necessary to adjust net income to reflect noncash revenues and expenses | Noncash adjustments to net income |
Increases in current assets other than cash decrease cash, whereas decreases in these accounts increase cash | Changes in working capital |
If a company issues stock or bonds during the year, the funds raised will increase its cash position | Security transactions and dividend payments |
Includes net income, depreciation, changes in current assets and liabilities other than cash, short-term investments, and short-term debt | Operating activities |