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American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

John Marshallwas an American politician and lawyer who was known for constructing and defending both the foundation of judicial power and the principles of American federalism (served as chief justice in the Supreme Court)

John Marshall

The ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution

Judicial review

Established the principle of judicial review-the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional which strengthened the federal judiciary

Marbury v. Madison

Was the purchase of imperial rights to the western half of the Mississippi River basin from France by the US in 1803 for about $18/square mile or 15 mil in all.

Louisiana Purchase

Were sent on an expedition to explore the Louisiana territory that the US had recently purchased in the early 1800’s.

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark:

Enforcement of military or naval service on able-bodied but unwilling men through crude and violent methods (basically the British navy did not have a lot of crew members, so they captured American men from the navy who they called were still “British citizens)

Impressment

Was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father which served as the fourth president of the US and known for promoting the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights (Democratic-Republican)

James Madison

Outlawed trade between America and any foreign port, effectively closing in the American Economy (failed completely and was rly stupid cause the states depended on trade to keep running) (Jefferson’s response to British and French inference)

Embargo Act

Initiated legislation designed to steer the US towards war by demanding that the US should declare war against Great Britain, invade British Canada, and expel the Spanish from Florida (young “energetic” politicians)

War hawks

Was a Shawnee chief and warrior who promoted resistance to the expansion of the US onto NA land and organized a NA confederacy to create an autonomous Indian state and stop white settlement in the Northwest Territory

Tecumseh

Led to the defeat of the NA confederation, the Prophet-Tecumseh’s brother and one of the leaders of the confederation died

Battle of Tippecanoe

Was given the command of the Army in the Northwest w/the rank of the brigadier general, and at the Battle of Thames he defeated the combined British and Indian forces and killed Tecumseh. He also served as president of the US after the War of 1812

William Henry Harrison

Was a conflict fought w/the US and Great Britain over British violation of U.S. maritime rights (US w/NA allies v. UK w/British North American allies)

War of 1812

The seventh president of the United States. He was a democrat. Elected in 1829

Andrew Jackson

This treaty ended the war of 1812 between the United States the England. The treaty was signed in 1814 and went into effect in 1815.

Treaty of Ghent

A convention between federalist who were concerned with the war of 1812, they met between Dec 1814 and Jan 1815.

Hartford Convention

Had the ideals of a three-pronged economic plan. The plan mainly states that there needs to be a strong central government in order to have a good economy.

Henry Clay/Clay’s American System

The federal government was able to have more abilities in order to be able to complete certain task.

“Loose Construction”

A strict construction means that the federal government had very little power and abilities.

“Strict Construction”

A period named this because the US seemed to be prospering, however was not truly feeling as good as people thought.

Era of Good Feelings

Vice president to Andrew Jackson, believed in nationalism and the idea of a strong government in both the states and the federal government.

John C. Calhoun

This trial showed how much power the legislative branch did have, it was a trial between McCulloch and Maryland because of certain unfair taxing within the state.

McCulloch v. Maryland

After westward expansion began to slow, the economy began to collapse because of it creating a widespread financial crisis.

Panic of 1819

A compromise between the north and the south stating the past Missouri, slaves were not allowed to be owned, preventing the further spread of slavery into the north.

Missouri Compromise

Caused for states to be unable to interfere with the power of congress to regulate any commerce, through the use of the state's legislative powers.

Gibbons v. Ogde

This was the first instance in which the supreme court ruled over the state based on an unconstitutional law that the state had presented.

Fletcher v. Peck

The New Hampshire legislature tried to force Dartmouth College to become a public institution so that the governor could appoint trustees. The Supreme Court upheld the original college charter, which was made prior to the state. This case prevented the idea that states could control private organizations.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

1819 treaty that gave America control of Florida and defined the boundaries between America and New Spain.

Adams-Onis Treaty

December 1823- It stated that the United States “would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs,” from Europe.

Monroe Doctrine

5th President of the US and the last President from the Founding Fathers.

James Monroe

6th President of the US, son of 2nd President. He previously served the eighth United States Secretary of State.

John Quincy Adams

8th President of the US and a founder of the Democratic Party. He previously was the 9th governor of New York and the tenth Secretary of State

Martin Van Buren

A name for a politician who worked their way from the bottom to the top, for example, Andrew Jackson.

Common man

A political disagreement over the Tariff of 1828. Supporters of this believed states had the right to nullify federal laws written in the Constitution.

Nullification

Started by Andrew Jackson, this is when a politician places their supporters and voters into office, regardless of their qualifications, so that the government would be full of their supporters

Spoils system

An alleged deal to throw the election of 1824 by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay (Presidential candidates both from the Whig party) so that the House of Representatives would give Adams the role of President.

"Corrupt Bargain"

Was to prevent competition between northern and western agricultural products from foreign imports. This, however, resulted in some anger from the South, who felt it only benefited the industrial Northern states and raised their resentments towards the North.

Tariff of Abominations

A decree from Andrew Jackson requiring that land be bought with metallic currency (silver or gold) since paper currency was unreliable.

Specie Circular

A case in which it was decided, “that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land.”

Worcester v. Georgia

Passed in 1830 by former president Andrew Jackson that forced Indians west of the Mississippi river to relocate in order for more Americans to settle in those areas.

Indian Removal Act

Goes hand in hand with the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This was a result of that, as many Indians took a similar path of relocation. 60,000 tribe members were forced to relocate, and around 4,000 of them died in the process.

Trail of Tears

A financial crisis that occurred that temporarily stalled westward expansion, and sparked a major depression that lasted until the late 1840s. Wages and prices also shot down, as a result, unemployment shot up.

Panic of 1837

A scandal that regards members of Andrew Jackson’s cabinet and the cabinet's wives. This took place between 1829-1831. While both Eaton and Margaret (member of cabinet) denied the affair, this ruined both their reputations.

Peggy Eton Affair

A factory system that made sure that all work was done in one place and required the labor of young women instead of children or young men.

Lowell system

Sparked major positive growth in the economy as well as new personal wealth. This lead to changes in labor, an international market system, and set the way for the Second Great Awakening.

Market revolution

A policy in the United States that protects interests of native inhabitants over those of immigrants, in regards to course of action in the government. (Basically favored those who were already at the land rather than those who just moved into the United States)

Nativism

A political party that was founded in 1844, and disbanded in 1860. Also known as the “Native American Party”, this party’s goals were to keep foreign influence out and keep traditional American ways the way they are.

Know Nothing Party

This identified the home as a women’s “proper sphere” and said that they were to stay at home and take care of their families.

Cult of domesticity

A machine that quickly separates cotton from the seeds that the cotton was growing on. This was a lot quicker and easier to do than manual cotton picking by hand

Cotton gin

A long canal between the cities of Buffalo and Albany that was completed in 1825. This allowed for farmers to send goods from the west eastward, as well as have goods ship from the south to have be sold in the west.

Erie Canal

A New York City based Democratic organization that was associated in the late 1800s and early 1900s with abuse of power as well as corruption.

Tammany Hall

A movement that saw American religious beliefs revive. A bunch of spreading of religion (specifically Christianity) was done through lots of preaching, primarily about how salvation could be achieved through ones actions.

Second Great Awakening

For the promotion of temperance.

American Temperance Society

First womens right convention discussed social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women

Seneca Falls Convention

Art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism

Hudson River School

Artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason.

Romanticism

Nineteenth century movement in the tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.

Transcendentalism

Rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton county, Virginia, in august 1831, led by nat turner.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Initially the group for the colonization of free people of color of america until 1837, was an American organization founded in 1816.

American Colonization Society

Abolitionist, who became involved with the American colonization society

William Lloyd Garrison

Had the goal was to immediately and unconditionally abolish slavery.

American Anti-Slavery Society

Born into slavery but escaped with her daughter and became an abolitionist and activist.

Sojourner Truth

American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. All after escaping slavery in Maryland

Frederick Douglass

American author and abolitionist.

Harriet Beecher Stow

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