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| Isotope | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses |
| Relative isotopic mass | Mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon 12 |
| Relative atomic mass | Weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon 12 |
| Empirical formula | Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound |
| Molecular formula | Number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| Ionic bonding | Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions |
| Covalent | Strong electro station attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of bonded atoms |
| Electronegativity | Ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond |
| First ionisation energy | Removal of 1 ‘ol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms |
| Metallic bonding | Strong electro station attraction between cations and delocalised electrons |
| Disproportionation | Oxidation and reduction of the same element |
| Standard conditions and standard states | Physical states under standard conditions |
| Enthalpy change of formation | One mol of a compound formed from its elements |
| Enthalpy change of combustion | Complete combustion of 1 mol of a substance |
| Enthalpy change of neutralisation | Formation of 1 mol of water from neutralisation |
| Average bond enthalpy | Breaking of 1 mol of bonds in gaseous molecules |
| General formula | Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series |
| Structural formula | Minimal detail that shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| Skeletal formula | The simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen groups from alkyl chains |
| Homologous series | A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member by differing by ch2 |
| Functional group | A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound |
| Aliphatic | Compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight branched chains or non aromatic rings |
| Alicyclics | An aliphatic compound arranged in non aromatic rings or without side chains |
| Saturated | Single carbon carbon bonds |
| Structural isomers | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula |
| Homolytic fission | Each bonding atom receiving ice electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals |
| Heterolytic fission | One bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair |
| Radical | Species with an unpaired electron |
| Sigma bonds | Overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms |
| Stereoisomers | Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space |
| Electrophile | Electron pair acceptiorb |
| Nucleophile | An electron pair donor |