Chapter 25,33, & 40
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Chapter 25,33, & 40 - Marcador
Chapter 25,33, & 40 - Detalles
Niveles:
Preguntas:
137 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Loss | Person suffers when any aspect of self is no longer available to a person |
| Death | Cessation of life |
| Grief | Is a pattern of physical & emotional responses to bereavement, separation or loss |
| Grief work | The process of adapting to & mourning a loss is called grief work |
| Mortality | The condition of being subject to death |
| Grief therapy | Mental health treatment aimed at helping a patient deal with the pain of loss; a program that assists the bereaved to cope with a loss |
| Maturational loss | A loss that results from normal life transitions |
| Situational loss | Is defined as a loss that occurs suddenly in response to a specific external event, such as the sudden death of a loved one |
| Bereavement | Is defined as a common depressed reaction to the death of a loved one |
| Mourning | Reaction activated by a person to assist in overcoming a great personal loss; refers to culturally defined patterns for the expression of grief |
| Morbidity | An illness or an abnormal condition |
| Anticipatory grief | To expect, await, or prepare for the loss of a family member or significant other |
| Bereavement overload | Before an initial loss is resolved, it is compounded by an additional loss |
| Thanatology | The study of dying & death |
| Unresolved grief | Signifies some disturbance of the normal progression toward resolution |
| Complicated grieving | Unresolved grief or complicated mourning |
| Dysfunctional grieving | Is a delayed or exaggerated response to a perceived, actual, or potential loss |
| Euthanasia | Greek for "easy death"; a deliberate action taken with the purpose of shortening life to end suffering or to carry out the wishes of a terminally ill patient |
| Do not resuscitate (DNR) | Decision made by the patient, the family, & the health care providers is best |
| Allow natural death | Is more acceptable to parents; acknowledges that one is going to die & forgoes aggressive treatment |
| Living wills | Advance directive; legal document drawn up by a person who is not yet near death detailing how much medical care he or she wants to receive if terminally ill |
| Durable power of attorney | Advance directives signed & notarized document that appoints another person to make decisions in the event of the patient's incompetence; usually completed by the patient while still able to function |
| Advance directives | Signed & witnessed documents that provide specific instructions for health care treatment if a person is unable to make these decisions personally at the time they are needed |
| Palliative care | The prevention, relief, reduction, or soothing of symptoms of disease or disorders without affecting a cure |
| Inquest | Is a legal inquiry into the cause or the manner of a death |
| Autopay | Examination performed after a person's death to confirm or determine the cause of death |
| Postmortem care | Care for the patient's body after death |
| Mortician | Person trained in the care of the dead |
| Chronologic age | Age of an individual expressed as time elapsed since birth |
| Baby Boomers | More than 70 million people born between 1946 & 1964 |
| Ageism | A term that describes prejudice against older adults |
| Sandwich generation | One group of caregivers; individuals who are faced with caring for their parents while also caring for their own children |
| Respite care | Refers to the provision of care by non family members with a goal of allowing the primary caregivers the opportunity for relief from the stressors & strains imposed by caring for an ill or debilitated family members |
| Pruritus | Dryness & itching of the skin |
| Shearing forces | Forces that can injure small blood vessels by sliding on a rough surface |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing; may arise from many possible causes, including a stroke or other neurologic dysfunction, local trauma, & obstruction with a tumor |
| Nocturne | Urination at night |
| Orthostatic hypotension | A drop in blood pressure when moving from a lying to sitting position |
| Claudication | Cramping pain in the calves |
| Kyphosis | An abnormal curve in the upper spine sometimes called "dowager's hump" |
| Presbyopia | Farsightedness resulting in loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye |
| Presbycusis | Is a sensorineural hearing loss & the most common form of loss in older adults |
| Dementia | As a progressive impairment of intellectual (cognitive) function |
| Akinesia | An abnormal state of motor & psychic hypoactivity |
| Ataxia | Impaired ability to coordinate movement |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body |
| Dysarthria | Difficult, poorly articulated speech, resulting from interference in the control over the muscles of speech |
| Aphasia | An abnormal neurologic condition in which language function is a defective or absent because of an injury to certain areas of the cerebral cortex |
| Terminal illness | A disease in an advanced stage with no known cure & poor prognosis |
| Hospices | Vary in structure & organization |
| Curative treatment | Is aggressive care in which the goal & intent are curing the disease & prolonging life at all cost |
| Primary caregiver | A person who assumes ongoing responsibility for health maintenance & therapy for the illness |
| Holistic | Pertaining to the total patient care in which the physical, emotional, social, economic, & spiritual needs of the patient are considered |
| Interdisciplinary team | A multi professional health team whose members work together in caring for a terminally ill patient |
| Psychosocial | A combination of psychological & social factors |
| Pain assessment | Evaluation of the factors that alleviate or exacerbate a patient's pain |
| Adjuvant | Additional drug or treatment that is added to assist in the action of the primary pain treatment |
| Titrated | Slowly increased to the level at which the drug is therapeutic |
| Cachexia | Malnutrition marked by weakness & emaciation |
| Life is | A series of losses & gains |
| Coping mechanisms determine? | A person's ability to face & accept loss |
| All losses have the possibility of? | Triggering the grief process |
| Another way to look at loss | Is to classify it as maturational, situational, or both |
| Loss of a job can lead to? | A loss of self esteem |
| Early experiences with loss | Can prepare the individual to deal with loss throughout the life cycle |
| Grief is | The subjective response to actual or anticipated loss; it is natural, normal, & universal part of human experience |
| Mourning patterns include | Funerals, wakes, memorials, black dress, & defined time of social withdrawal |
| What does grief involve? | Thoughts, feelings, & behaviors |
| What can the grieving process lead to? | Resolution of the hurt & the reestablishment of one's life |
| Grief is not an episode | It is a process that sometimes one that goes on forever |
| Unresolved grief | Can result if the tasks are not completed & can lead to incomplete relationships & health problems |
| Out-of-sequence death | The sudden death of someone who is not "supposed to die"; most difficult grief to bear |
| One protective impulse when dealing with sudden death | Is to blame someone |
| Sense of presence | Nonthreatening, comforting perception that the decease is present; vary from general feelings of the deceased's presence to actual sensory experiences |
| When is sense of presence known to occur? | During the grief process & beyond |
| Grief attack | The involuntary & unexpected reappearance of emotions & behaviors associated with grief |
| The universality of the loss experience often leads nurses who work with the terminally ill & the bereaved | To develop a heightened empathy for their patients |
| Kubler-Ross's Stages of Dying | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, & Acceptance |
| Kubler-Ross's anger stage | Individual resist the loss & may strike out at everyone & everything |
| Kubler-Ross's bargaining stage | Individual postpones awareness of reality o the loss & may try to deal in a subtle or overt way as though the loss can be prevented |
| Worden's Task of Mourning | Accept reality of loss, work through pain & grief, adjust to environment in which deceased is missing, & emotionally relocate the deceased & moved on with life |
| Adjust to environment in which the deceased is missing: | Individual does not realize full impact of loss for at least 3 months. At this point, friends stop calling & person feels that loneliness; individual must take on roles that were filled by the deceased |
| What is the nurses's role during stages of grief & dying? | To assess grieving behaviors, recognize the influence of grief on behavior, & provide empathic support |
| Why is it important that grief work is not overstated? | Bereavement is a state of great risk physically, emotionally, & socially |
| Infant to 5 yr; concept of death | Does not understand, sense of separation forms basis for later understanding of loss & death, believes death is reversible, temporary departure & sleep |
| 5 to 9; conception of death | Understand death is final, believes death can be avoided, associated death with aggression or violence, believes wishes or unrelated actions can be responsible for death |
| 9 to 12; conception of death | Understands death as the inevitable end of life, begins to understand own mortality, expressed as interest in afterlife or as fear of death |
| 12 to 18; conception of death | Fears a lingering death; may fantasize that death can be defied, acting out defiance through reckless behaviors |
| 18 to 45: conception of death | Has attitude toward death influenced by religious & cultural beliefs |
| 45 to 65; conception of death | Accepts own mortality, encounters death of parents & some peers, experiences peaks of death anxiety, which diminishes with emotional well being |
| 65+; conception of death | Fears prolonged illness, encounters death of family & peers, sees death as having multiple meanings (ex: freedom from pain, reunion with already deceased family members) |
| What are the 4 types of complicated grief? | Chronic, Delayed, Exaggerated, & Masked |
| Chronic grief | Active acute mourning characterized by normal grief reactions that do not decrease but persist over long periods; people verbalize an inability to "get past" the grief |
| Delayed grief | Characterized by normal grief reactions that are suppressed or postponed; avoids pain of loss; active grieving is held back only to resurface later only to response to a trivial loss or upset |
| Exaggerated grief | People become overwhelmed with grief & cannot function; can cause alcoholism, substance abuse or suicide |
| Masked grief | Not aware that behaviors that interfere with normal functioning are a result of their loss |
| What does the thanatologic philosophy dictate? | That family members are free to choose if & when they wish to be with the patient who is dying, Do not raise a barrier because of "visitation hours" |
| When hope is relinquished | Death follows rapidly |