From skin to mucous membranes of head to brain, from teeth to brain, from brain to facial muscles sensations of face, scalp, teeth, and chewing movements

Nerve 6:

Abducens

6. abducens impulses and functions

From brain to external eye muscles outward movement of eye

Nerve 7:

Facial

7. facial impulses and functions

From taste buds of tongue to brain, from brain to facial muscles sense of taste, contraction of muscles of facial expression

Nerve 8:

Acoustic

8. acoustic impulses and functions

From ear to brain hearing, sense of balance

Nerve 9:

Glassopharyngeal

9. glassopharyngeal impulses and functions

From throat and taste buds of tongue to brain, from brain to muscles and salivary glands sensations of throat, taste, swallowing movements, gag reflex, sense of taste, secretion of saliva

Nerve 10:

Vagus

10. vagus impulses and functions

From throat, larynx, and organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities to brain from brain to muscles of throat and to organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities secretions of throat, larynx, and thoracic, and abdominal organs, swallowing, voice production, slowing of heartbeat, acceleration of peristalsis

Nerve 11:

Spinal accessory

11 spinal accessory impulses and functions

From brain to certain shoulder and neck muscles shoulder movements and turning movements of head

Nerve 12:

Hypoglossal

12. hypoglossal impulses and functions

From brain to muscles of the tongue tongue movements

Glasgow coma scale eye-opening response

4- spontaneous 3- to verbal stimuli 2- to pressure 1- no response

Glasgow coma scale verbal response

5- oriented 4- confused but able to answer questions 3- words 2- sounds 1- no response

Glosgow coma scale motor response

6- obeys commands for movement 5- movement to stimulus 4- withdraws in response to pain 3- flexion in response to pain 2- extension in response to pain 1- no response

Post procedure for lumbar puncture

Patient should lie flat in bed for several hours, assess site for leakage, pain numbness or tingling in extremities

Assess for CT scan if use of contrast medium and without use of contrast medium

If use of contrast medium check for allergies to iodine and seafood and without contrast medium pt may be NPO for 4-6 hours before

Primary goals for a patient having a seizure

Protection from aspiration and injury and observation and recording of the seizure activity

During the demylelination process, the myelin sheath and the sheath cells are destroyed, causing

An interruption or distortion of the nerve impulse so that it is slowed or blocked

Clinical manifestations for multiple sclerosis have a variety of s/s such as

Visual problems, urinary incontinence, fatigue, weakness or in coordination of an extremity, sexual problems such as impotence in men, and swallowing difficulties

Stoke is an abnormal condition of the blood vessels of the brain characterized by

Hemorrhage into the brain or the formation of an embolus or thrombus that occludes an artery, resulting in ischemia of brain tissue

The major importance of TIAs is that they

Warn the patient of an underlying pathologic condition

Approximately 40% of pts who experience TIAs will have a stroke in

2-5 years

Most frequently used antiplatelet agent

Aspirin

Hemorrhagic stoke vs ischemic stoke

Hemorrhagic stoke results from bleeding into the brain and an ischemic stoke results from deficient blood flow to the brain from a partial or complete occlusion of an artery

Pts with an acute ischemic stoke can benefit from throbolytics such as ______________ that do what

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, alteplase [Activasel]) which digests fibrin and fibrinogen and thus loses the clot

For stoke patient problem insufficient nutrition related to impaired ability to swallow, what are the nursing interventions

Thicken liquids with a commercially available thickening agent, do not use a straw

The most frequent long-term disabilities following a stroke are

He i paresis, inability to ambulate, aphasia, depression, and complete or partial dependence on ADLs

With Bell’s palsy clinical manifestations what differentiates it from a stroke

The inability to wrinkle the forehead

Two abnormal signs that occur with meningitis are

Kernig’s sign (inability to extend legs without extreme pain) and Brudzinski’s sign (flexion of hip and knee when neck is flexed)

S/s of meningitis

Severe headache, stiffness of neck, irritability, malaise, and restlessness

Autonomic dysreflexia is an abnormal cardiovascular response to

Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Autonomic dysreflexia s/s

Bradycardia, hypertension (up to 300mmhg), diaphoresis, “goose flesh”, flushing, dilated pupils, blurred vision, restlessness, nausea, severe headache, and nasal stuffiness