Most affected infants show signs of respiratory distress: wheezing, retracting, nasal flaring, irritability, abundant secretions, and cyanosis when stressed. Pg 994

Treatment for cerebral palsy

Medicine, braces, and physical, occupational, and speech therapy. Pg 1029 Botox is used to treat spasticity.

What are the Antenatal factors regarding cerebral palsey?

Maternal infections, maternal drug ingestion, hypoxia in utero, and blood incompatibilities. Pg 1029

What are the symptoms of hemorrhage POST tonsillectomy?

Increased pulse (>120), pallor, frequent clearing of the throat or swallowing, and vomiting of bright red blood. Pg 997

What are the manifestations of hydrocephalus?

Widening and bulging of the fontanelles, separation of the cranial sutures, dilation of scalp veins, thin and shiny scalp, and rapidly increasing head circumference. Pg 1027

Which brace is commonly used for scoliosis?

TLSO Pg 1022

What is the Milwaukee brace?

Brace that covers the entire torso and has ring that encircles the neck with the rests for chin and the back of the head.Pg 1022

What is the TLSO brace?

The brace fits under the arm and is shaped to conform to the body.

What is the common blood disorder that peaks between the ages 6 to 24 months of life?

Iron deficiency anemia Pg 983

What are the diagnostic tests for Leukemia?

CBC to indicate pancytopenia pg 988

Which coagulation disorder is frequent in children 2-10 years of age?

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purport Pg 987

What is the medical management of acute otitis media?

Administration of antibiotics for 10 days and acetimonphen for fever and discomfort. Pg 1042

What are the 2 major categories of seizures?

Partial and generalized Pg 1030

What medications are used to control seizures?

Anticonvulsants : Tegretol, Dilantin, Cerebyx, And Depakote Pg 1030

What do vague physical symptoms in school aged children indicate?

School Avoidance Pg 1051

What medications are administered to treat JIA?

NSAIDS: Naaproxen and Ibuprofen Pg 992

An IQ below 25 indicates what?

Profound Pg 1048

What can cause RDS in the neonatal period?

A deficiency of surfactant. Pg 993

What do you monitor for acutane?

Depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Pg 1039

Patient teaching for a sexually active teen taking acutane

During treatment, an effective contraceptive method must be used during and for 1 month afterwards. Pg 1039

What cognitive impairment involves an extra chromosome?

Down syndrome Pg 1049

Which viral disease of childhood involves resident barking cough, suffocative, and difficulty breathing?

Croup Pg 997

What is the Patient teaching post tonsillectomy.

Avoid foods that are irritating or highly seasoned. Avoid gargling or vigorous brushing of the teeth. Try to avoid coughing or clearing the throat. Do not use aspirin.

What are the diagnostic tests for pneumonia?

Radiographic examinations peripheral blood tests, and cultures. Pg 994

What is the patient teaching for a child with hemophilia?

RICE method. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation Pg 987

Which congenital abnormality involves raised eyebrows, slanted eyes, and a squared head?

Down syndrome pg 1049

What spinal functions are absent below defect? ( Spina Bifida )

All motor and sensory function Pg 1032

What are the priority interventions post surgery with cleft plate?

Protecting the integrity of the suture line, promoting optimal nutrition, and continuing emotional support for the child and parents. Pg 1004

What parasitic disorder is caused by a mite?

Scabies Pg 1041

What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

Cool, mottled skin, dyspnea, hyo=pothermia, lethargy, poor appetite, poor sucking reflex, prolonged jaundice, constipation, dry skin, growth delay, lethargy, mental slowness, puffy eyes. Pg 1015 Box 32.6

What are the 4 defects seen in the Tetralogy of Fallot?

Pulmonary stenosis, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta. Pg 982

Cystic fibrosis is centered on what type of therapy?

Pulmonary therapy to ensure airway clearance. Pg 1000

What do they do to detect neuro tube defects?

Uterine ultrasonography and elevated levels of maternal alpha fetoprotein indicate the presence of myelomeningocele. Pg 1032

What are the clinical manifestations of croup?

Hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, tachypnea, nasal flaring, suprasternal, substernal, and intercostal retractions, and characteristic barking cough. Pg 997

Probable environmental and genetic factors of CHD

Environmental:

What are the environmental factors of CHD?

Intrauterine rubella exposure, maternal alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, advanced maternal age, and maternal drug ingestion.

What are the genetic factors of CHD?

A sibling or a parent with CHD, chromosomal anomalies, and the other presence of non cardiac congenital anomalies.

What are the classifications of anemia?

Hypoproliferative ( defective production of erythrocytes) or Hemolytic (premature destruction of erythrocytes). Pg 984

What are the causative agents for pneumonia?

Streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, and H. Influenzae Pg. 994

What are the signs and symptoms of RDS?

Nasal flaring, expiratory grunting, intercostal, subcostal, or substernal retractions, duty color in skin, nails, and mucous membranes, initial tachypnea and dyspnea, and low body temp. Pg 993

Arching of the back, feeding difficulties, hypertonic muscles, involuntary movements, developmental disabilities are all clinical manifestations for what childhood permanent disability?

Cerebral Palsy Pg 1029

What are the four categories of CHD?

Increased pulmonary blood flow, decreased pulmonary blood flow, obstruction to systemic blood flow, and mixed blood flow. Pg 977

What is some patient teaching for parasitic infections?

Carefully inspect the head of the child who scratches their head more than usual, for bite marks, erythema and nits. Read directions carefully before beginning therapy. Be aware of physiological effects, which can be highly stressful to children. Use Benadryl for pruritus

What is atrial septal defect?

An abnormal opening in the atrial septum that enables oxygenated blood to flow from the higher pressure left atrium to the lower pressure right atrium, which causes the blood to become deoxygenated.

What clinical manifestations would you expect from an atrial septal defect?

A harsh systolic murmur over the third intercostal space during auscultation.

What is ventricular septal defect?

An abnormal opening in the inter ventricular septum, resulting in the flow of oxygenated blood from the higher left ventricle to the lower pressure right ventricle, which causes the blood to become deoxygenated.

What clinical manifestations would you expect with a ventricular septal defect?

A loud hard systolic murmur and a palpable thrill.

What is the coarctation of aorta?

The narrowing of the aorta lumen

What clinical manifestation would you expect in the coarctation of the aorta?

The blood pressure in the arms will be 20mm Hg higher than in the legs.

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

When the ductus arteriosus fails to close, oxygenated blood shunts from the high pressure aorta to the low pressure pulmonary artery, which causes the blood to become deoxygenated.

What clinical manifestations would you expect in patent ductus arteriosus?

A machine like murmur audible at the upper left sternal border; widened pulse pressure; and bounding pulses.

What happens during the transposition of the great vessels?

The pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta arises from the right ventricle. Venous blood starts to return to the right side oof the heart exiting through the aorta without being oxygenated, and oxygenated blood returns from the pulmonary system via the pulmonary artery too the lungs.

What clinical manifestation do you expect to see during transposition of the great vessels?

The infant would be born with profound cyanosis.