Cell Transport
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Cell Transport - Marcador
Cell Transport - Detalles
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Preguntas:
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Active transport | Cell utilizes ATP energy |
| Passive transport | Does not utilize ATP energy (osmosis and diffusion) |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration (concentration gradient, temp, molecular weight, and pressure) |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water; water equalizes concentration; cell gets bigger, smaller, or stays the same (hypo, hyper, iso) |
| All molecules are | Moving (randomly) |
| Equilibrium | Equal concentration [=] |
| Concentrated kool aid vs dilute kool aid | Lots of solute (kool aid) vs lots of solvent (water) |
| What happens if there is a greater concentration of oxygen outside the cell | Oxygen should move into the cell until equalibrium |
| Equilibrium point of oxygen in the atmosphere (why percent concentration isn't always in the middle) | 21%; atmosphere is big |
| What things pass through the membrane | Small and nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
| Can speed up diffusion by | Increasing the temp (heating) or changing the shape |
| Because of protein channels/aquaporins | All cell membrane are permeable to water |
| NaCl (salt) | Can't pass through cell membrane so water goes outside the membrane to it; pulls water out of a cell and preserves food b/ bacteria needs moisture |
| Water | Always moves towards salt |
| Hypertonic | High concentration on the outside; water moves outside; cell dehydration (smaller) |
| Hypotonic | Higher concentration on the inside; water moves inside; cell becomes larger |
| Isotonic | Same concentration on inside and outside; water moves both ways; equilibrium |
| Hypertonic (animals) | Kidneys regulate; increase water consumption |
| Hypotonic (animals) | Kidneys and urine; contractile vacuole (pumps water out-active transport) |
| Isotonic (animals) | Gatorade |
| Kink in phospholipid means | Unsaturated; liquid at room temp |
| Membrane wants to be | Fluid; viscosity is bad b/ things (O2) can't pass through; permeability of oxygen goes down |
| As temperature decreases | Add more unsaturated fats |
| Cholesterol (animals only) | Acts as a buffer (creates barriers in the cell membrane which prevents it from moving too fast in order to maintain viscosity); too cold - prevents them from sticking together to maintain fluidity |
| Why do plants not need cholesterol | Plants don't need it; they make sterols and they can go dormnet at call temps |
| Cholesterol and health | Sticks to arteries and causes it to get smaller causing a heart attack |
| Low density lipoproteins | Bad; no covering |
| High density lipoproteins | Good; wrapped with proteins |
| Fluid | Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails |
| Viscous | Saturated hydrocarbon tails |
| Why does a cell have a receptor | When molecule sits on receptor, it sends a signal to the nucleus (makes protein channels) |
| Why is oxygen continually coming in | Its being used |
| CO2 | Doesn't affect size of cell or oxygen; can diffuse |
| 1st question | Can the molecule pass through the membrane if it does---go from high to low until it reaches equilibrium (or doesn't because the cell is using it) |
| Cell size doesn't matter | If it diffuses through |
| Sodium potassium pump | 3 sodium out; 2 potassium in (nerve cell do it to have concentration gradient); goes from low to high and uses energy (against concentration gradient) |
| Co-transport of sucrose | Won't go through without HYDROGEN ION (which must have concentration gradient--high to low) |
| Endocytosis (phago-to eat) | Moves in |
| Exocytosis | Moves out |