Birth Narratives
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Birth Narratives - Marcador
Birth Narratives - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Who wrote the birth narratives? | Matthew and Luke |
| What did Matthew's version of the birth narrative focus on? | Prophecies and the divine nature of God |
| Who was Matthew writing for? | The Jews |
| What scriptures show the focus of Matthew's birth narrative? | Matt 1:23 and Matt 2:2 |
| Matt 1:23 | "Look, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son" - prophecy + virgin birth |
| Matt 2:2 | "for we observed his star at his rising" - substantial presence |
| What did Luke's version of the birth narrative focus on? | The ordinary nature of Christ |
| Who was Luke writing for? | The gentiles and marginalised people |
| Luke 2:7 | "and laid him in the manger, as there was no place for them in the inn" |
| What is redaction criticism? | Theory that new testament writers changed existing history about Jesus to suit their own agenda |
| What is kenosis? | Lowliness and the ordinary nature of Christ. |
| What is substantial presence? | The divinity of Christ, holiness and glory |
| What is the hypostatic union? | Term used to describe the union of both Christ's divine nature and his ordinary nature |
| What is incarnation? | Being made flesh |
| What are the differences between their accounts? | Matthew had no annunciations Luke had 3, Matthew had no John the baptist story, Matthew had a star, Matthew had Maggi while Luke had shepherds |
| What are the similarities between their accounts? | Jesus was born in Bethlehem, angel visitations, calling from above for both shepherds and Maggi, Marys virginity, the child is going to be special |
| Which Old Testament passage does Matt 2:2 mirror? | Numbers 24:17-19 - "I see him, but not now: I behold him, but not near. a star shall come out of Jacob “ |
| Why could the birth narratives according to Matthew be seen as historically inaccurate? | Herod's massacre of the children of Bethlehem - not mentioned by contemporary historians. Matthew could have invented it to show a similarity between Jesus and Moses. angel appears to Joseph - three times. Angel appears to Wise Men |
| Why could the birth narratives according to Luke be seen as historically inaccurate? | His chronology of Jesus' birth appears to be mistaken. He writes that it happened when Quirinius was the governor of Syria - we know Quirinius governed Syria, which included Judea, from 6CE to 12 C, but it can't be proved that he was governor 'in the days of Herod', who died in 4CE. There is no evidence of an enrolment or census before 6/7 CE. It has also been claimed the three hymns in Luke's Gospel were in use before he wrote his Gospel, so Luke is wrong to ascribe them to Mary, Zechariah and Simeon. |
| What arguments support the idea the two birth narratives can be harmonised? | The accounts don't directly contradict each other, so there is no reason why they both cannot be true. Some believe that Luke received his account of Jesus' birth directly from Mary herself. This would explain why he focuses more on her perspective. There are also lots of similarities in the accounts. Both assert that Jesus was born in Bethlehem at the time of Herod, to Mary. They both detail that Mary was betrothed to Joseph, that Jesus was born of immaculate conception by the Holy Spirit |
| What arguments don’t support the idea the two birth narratives can be harmonised? | Timescales: Matt 2.16 - the visit of the Magi in Bethlehem could have been up to 2 years after the birth of Jesus. In Luke the return to Nazareth from Bethlehem is little more than 40 days afterwards. Locations: Matthew: family home Bethlehem, journey to Egypt, settle in Nazareth; Luke: family home Nazareth, journey to Bethlehem (census), visit Jerusalem and then return to Nazareth. Characters: Matthew has Herod and the Magi; Luke has Elisabeth, Zechariah, shepherds, Simeon & Anna. Perspectives: Matthew focuses on Joseph, Luke on Mary |