Biology - Ecology
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Biology - Ecology - Marcador
Biology - Ecology - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Definition of an Ecosystem | All the organisms and the environment in which they live form an ecosystem |
| Definition of a Population | Groups of the same species of animals’ form populations within the ecosystem |
| Definition of a Community | All the populations of organisms that live and interact in an ecosystem form a community |
| What are abiotic factors? | Physical, non-living factors that affect distribution of an organism |
| What are biotic factors? | Living organisms affecting other populations in the ecosystem |
| Structural Adaptation | Feature of an organism |
| Behavioural Adaptation | Action the organism does |
| Functional Adaptation | Process the organism does |
| Definition of Interdependence | All of the different species in a community depend on each other |
| What do plants compete for? | Light, space, water and mineral ions |
| What do animals compete for? | Food, water, mates and territory |
| What's a stable community? | When the population of a species remains fairly constant in a community. The populations of organisms are in balance with each other and with the abiotic resources |
| Biotic factors are: | Competition between species, availability of food, new predators and new pathogens |
| Abiotic factors are: | Temperature, light intensity, soil pH and mineral content, water, wind intensity and direction, carbon dioxide and oxygen for aquatic organisms |
| What are extremophiles? | Extremophiles are organisms that are adapted to live in extreme environments |
| What is an extreme environment? | An extreme environment is one in which most organisms would find it difficult or impossible to survive |
| Give an example of an extremophile: | Bacteria in deep sea vents |
| Name one extreme environment: | High temperature |
| Competition: | One species might outcompete another species making it harder for them to breed and reproduce so their population decreases |
| Availability of food: | All animals require food to live, it affects how many animals live in that community |
| New predators: | Predators and prey have evolved together causing a balanced ecosystem. The arrival of a new predator can upset this balance |
| New pathogens: | Could wipe out an entire species |
| Moisture levels | Animals and plants are adapted to growing at the moisture levels available |
| Carbon dioxide | Carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis, so increased concentrations will increase growth and yields |
| Temperature | Animals and plants have evolved to grow healthily at their optimum temperatures |
| Light intensity | Light is required for photosynthesis, and plant species have evolved for optimum growth in the light available in their climate or habitat |
| Soil pH and mineral content | Many plants are sensitive to pH |
| Wind intensity and direction | Wind can increase the supply of carbon dioxide to plants but wind increases the rate of transpiration and therefore water loss |
| Oxygen for aquatic organism | Oxygen dissolves in water and is required for the animals' respiration |
| Water | Water provides them with energy to complete life processes, without which they may die |
| Food | Food provides them with energy and raw materials to complete life processes without which they may die |
| Mates | They can pass on their genes to their offspring |
| Territory | Territories of animals contain all of the resources and conditions they need to survive |
| Water | Water is a reactant in photosynthesis and it is essential that plants have a regular supply of water for the process to occur |
| Light | All plants need light to photosynthesise |
| Space | Plants also require space (if they're shaded they absorb less light) for healthy growth – maximises photosynthesis |
| Mineral ions | Without sufficient minerals plants suffer deficiency diseases because they cannot grow healthily e.g. nitrates & magnesium |
| What are structural adaptations? | Features of an organism's body structure |
| What are behavioural adaptations? | Ways organisms behave |
| What are functional adaptations? | Related to processes |
| Structural adaptation of a polar bear? | Have white fur so they’re camouflaged against the snow it helps them avoid predators and sneak up on prey |
| Behavioural adaptation of a camel? | Spit to get rid of predators |
| Functional adaptation of a camel? | Conserve water by producing very little sweat and urine |
| Structural adaptation of a newt? | Have a powerful tail to help them swim in the water |
| Behavioural adaptation of a polar bear? | Stand up to scare predators e.g. humans |
| Functional adaptation of a brown bear? | Hibernate over winter by lowering their metabolism which conserves energy, so they don’t have to hunt when there’s not much food about |