biochemical engineering
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biochemical engineering - Marcador
biochemical engineering - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Cristae | A series of folds |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports molecules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Eukaryotes | True nucleus they can be multicellular or unicellular and are 1000-10000* larger than prokaryotes all cells of higher organisms and microbial species which coexist and interact in a cooperative manner |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Multicellular | Consists of numerous cells with varied functions |
| Unicellular | All cells have the same range of functions |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Plasma membrane | Lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex covered by cell wall thin in animal cells, thick in plant cells provides a barrier and gives support and signalling systems |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Cytoplasm | Semi-fluid |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Cytoskeleton | Microfilaments and microtubules that suspend organelles, give shape, and allow motion |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Nucleus | Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus pores allow specific communication controls catalytic activity of ribosomes DNA kept inside nucleus for protection (damage results in death or mutation) |
| Plasma membrane | Lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex provides a barrier and gives support and signalling systems |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Nucleolus | Site of RNA synthesis making up the ribosome |
| Mitochondria | Surrounded by double membrane with cristae energy is produced via metabolism using oxygen contains its own DNA, believed to have originated as a captured bacterium |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Cristae | A series of folds |
| Cristae | A series of folds |
| Chloroplasts (plastids) | Surrounded by a double membrane containing stacked thylakoid membranes responsible for photosynthesis and the trapping of light energy for the synthesis of sugars contains DNA believed to have originated as a captured bacterium found in phototrophic cells (not in animals) |
| Cristae | A series of folds |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Lysosymes | A membrane bound organelle responsible for degrading proteins / membranes in the cell and degrading materials ingested by the cell |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Ribosomes | Small organelles that synthesise protein |
| Vacuoles | Membrane-surrounded 'bags' that contain water and storage materials found in phototrophic cells |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | A complex network of membranes that provides a transport system within the cell |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Smooth ER | Site of lipid formation site where cells detoxify poisons (liver cells) |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Rough ER | Site of protein formation and transport studded with ribosomes |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Golgi body | Modifies and transports moluceules made in the ER into vacuoles for transport to outside |
| Bacteria | Small organisms enclosed by a capsule or slime layer typically chemotrophic and unicellular motile in two directions at one speed, cannot stop moving can form endospores under adverse conditions |
| Motile | Capable of motion |
| Spores | Inactive forms of cells capable of resisting heat, radiation and poisonous chemicals restore to vegetative form when returned to suitable surroundings for cell function some bacteria can survive in boiling water for several hours, during heat sterilisation boiling would be done under pressure to allow the temperature to reach over 120C |
| Vegetative form | Normal, functional cells |
| Pili | Single strands of proteins in the cell membrane extending 10 mm out of the cell wall |
| Flagella | 10-20 mm long and allows movement away from undesirable environments |
| Aerobic | Require oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Do not require oxygen |
| Uses of bacteria | Enslaved by eukaryotes for energy in mitochondria and chloroplast generation used as a tool to understand genetics |
| Shapes | Rod sphere spriral |
| Viruses | Parasitic, non-living particles that are typically host specific protein coat with no cellular structure, metabolism, or reproduction reproduction occurs by invading a living host cell: metabolism of the host is redirected to replicate the viral genetic code and protein coat |
| Moulds | Higher fungi with vegetative structure called mycelium do not contain chlorophyll generally immotile reproduction is sexual and asexual using spores |
| Mycelium | Highly branched system of tubes contains a mobile mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei |
| Algae | Immotile, large eukaryotes with highly sophisticated and organised structure using CO2 or HCO3 as a carbon source light as energy passes through photosynthetic pigment which produce oxygen as bi-product more prevalent in aquatic environments |
| Protozoa | Motile or immotile unicellular no cell walls not phototrophic feed on bacteria/yeasts and fungal spores useful in biological waste treatment |
| Amoeboids | Pseudopodia |
| Ciliates | Cilia |
| Sporozoa | Non-motile |
| Flagellates | Flagella |