Bio 102 - Quiz #3 Review - Detalles

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Natural selection results in ____

Adaptation

The development of penicillin-resistant bacteria represents an example of ____

Microevolution

If there are two alleles for a gene in a population, and the frequency of the dominant allele (p) is .5, then the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is ____

In an isolated population of fruit flies, 4 percent of the individuals have pink eyes, a homozygous recessive condition, and 96 percent have the dominant black eye phenotype. What percentage of the population are heterozygotes?

32%

The only survivors of a colony on Venus are a man and a woman, who both happen to originally be from southern Ukraine. Their descendants will show the effect of ____

Genetic drift

Which of the following evolution-related events are in the correct cause-and-effect sequence?

Mutation → variation → natural selection → adaptation → speciation

Stabilizing selection reduces genetic and phenotypic variation and increases the frequency of intermediate phenotypes

True

Andrew P. Hendry and colleagues discovered that Galápagos ground finches with small bills and ground finches with large bills were more common and had higher fitness than birds with bills of intermediate size, a demonstration of ____ selection.

Disruptive

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals is called ____

Relative fitness

What is the most accurate definition of microevolution?

Heritable changes in the genetics of a population

With frequency-dependent selection, ____ has the highest rate of survival and reproduction.

A less common phenotype

Changing environmental conditions would most likely cause an existing species to undergo ____

Directional selection

The shoulder joint in birds, which is essential for flight, may first have appeared in dinosaurs as an adaptation for capturing prey. This is an example of _____

A trait that evolved for one purpose, then proved adaptive for another purpose

The agent of microevolutionary change that is most likely to introduce genetic variation from another population is referred to as ____

Gene flow

Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate mode of natural selection. Directional Selection

Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate mode of natural selection. Disruptive Selection

Answer the questions using the accompanying figure. Match each letter of the figure with the appropriate mode of natural selection. Stablizing Selection

Knowing that each diploid organism has one copy of each gene, a scientist can calculate the relative abundances of the different alleles in a population.

False

The accumulation of traits that increase the relative fitness of organisms in their environment over time results in ___

Adaptation

According to the Hardy Weinberg principle, microevolution occurs when ____

A population experiences a shift in allele frequencies

Q^2

Frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes

P+q

The total gene pool for a gene with two alleles

P^2

Frequency of homozygous dominant genotypes

2pq

Frequency of heterozygotes

Frequency of the recessive allele

Frequency of the dominant allele

Natural selection exerts little or no effect on traits that appear during an individual’s ____

Postreproductive life

Natural selection acts upon the ____ to create microevolutionary change.

Phenotype of an individual organism

Which circumstance violates the conditions of the Hardy Weinberg model?

Nonrandom mating with respect to genotypes occurs between individuals.

Most new alleles probably arise from ____.

Small-scale mutations in DNA

Genetic drift will have a progressively larger impact on allele frequencies in a population as ____

Population size decreases

Natural Selection

Differential survivorship or reproduction of individuals with different genotypes

Gene flow

Change in allele frequencies as individuals join a population and reproduce

Mutation

Heritable change in DNA

Nonrandom mating

Choice of mates based on their phenotypes and genotypes

Genetic drift

Random changes in allele frequencies caused by chance events

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