Bio 102 Quiz #2 Review - Detalles

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In the case of complete dominance, if a plant has a ____ genotype for a particular trait, its phenotype will have the ____ trait.

Heterozygous; dominant

Human skin color is an example of ____, while sickle-cell anemia is an example of ____

Polygenic inheritance; pleiotropy

A parent has a genotype of RrYy. What is the probability of this individual producing a gamete with the RY genotype?

1/4

Wrinkled vs. Round Peas

Dominance

Human AB Blood Type

Codominance

Snapdragon Flower color (red, pink, and white)

Incomplete dominance

Human Height

Polygenic Inheritance

Labrador Retriever fur color (black, chocolate brown, yellow)

Epistasis

Using the sum rule, what is the probability of getting one head and one tail (in either order) in two tosses of a coin?

1/2

Your mother has albinism, which is a recessive trait. Your father has cystic fibrosis, which is also a recessive trait. You discover that your new father-in-law has albinism and cystic fibrosis. If neither you nor your spouse has either albinism or cystic fibrosis, what are the odds that your first child will have both albinism and cystic fibrosis?

1/16

Rice plants may be tolerant or intolerant to flooding. A true-breeding tolerant plant was crossed with a true-breeding intolerant plant, and approximately 75% of the F1 generation was tolerant to flooding. What does this most likely suggest about the flood-tolerant and flood-intolerant alleles?

The allele for flood-tolerance is dominant, while the allele for flood-intolerance is recessive.

Events X and Y are independent of each other. If the probability of event X occurring is 1 in 4, and the probability of event Y occurring is 1 in 5, the probability of both events occurring is ____

(1/4)(1/5) = 1/20

From his experiments, Mendel concluded that each individual carries two factors, or ____, that govern the inheritance of each trait. Different versions of each factor are known as ____

Genes; alleles

In snapdragons, the red allele CR is incompletely dominant over the white allele CW. Which two plants would you cross to produce a true-breeding pink snapdragon?

A true-breeding pink snapdragon cannot be created

In snapdragons, the red allele CR is incompletely dominant over the white allele CW. If you cross a pink snapdragon (CRCW) with a white snapdragon (CWCW), what percentage of the progeny will be red?

Mouse pigmentation is subject to epistasis of the B alleles by the d alleles. B (black) is dominant over b (brown), and D is dominant over d. Homozygous d is epistatic to the black and brown genes. Given this information, what genotype(s) result in a white mouse (no pigment)?

BBdd and Bbdd

The different alleles in human blood type are a demonstration of ____

Dominance and codominance

Characters that have a continuous distribution, such as height, weight, and skin color, are called ____, and the individual genes that control them are known as ____

Quantitative traits; quantitative trait loci

In pea plants, yellow seed color is dominant to green, and wrinkled seed texture is dominant to smooth. In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous plants with yellow, round seeds, if the two alleles assort independently, what is/are the predicted phenotypic ratio(s) of the offspring?

9 yellow and round: 3 green and round: 3 yellow and wrinkled: 1 green and wrinkled

If your mother and father both have cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele, the odds of you having cystic fibrosis are ____

According to the product rule of probability, when two or more events are _____, the probability that they will occur in succession is calculated by _____ the individual probabilities.

Independent; multiplying

9/16 black, 3/16 brown, 4/16 white

A woman with normal blood clotting mates with a man who has hemophilia. Their first child is a boy who has hemophilia. Tests show that the father and son both have the same form of hemophilia, that it is X-linked, and that the boy has normal genetic inheritance. You can predict that if the couple has more children together, it is likely that ____

Half of the boys and half of the girls will have hemophilia

Mendel crossed true-breeding plants having yellow peas with true-breeding plants having green peas. The resulting plants all had yellow peas. An F1 cross resulted in 3/4 of the plants having yellow peas and 1/4 of the plants having green peas. What does this tell you about the alleles for color?

Yellow is the dominant color.

Your father is heterozygous for the recessive disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). You know your mother has two "good" alleles. You have a ____chance of having the disorder.

In Drosophila melanogaster, the gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. The allele for red eye color (Xw+) is dominant over the allele for white eye color (Xw). You examine a vial of 100 flies that are all offspring from a single genetic cross. You find both red-eyed females and white-eyed females as well as both red-eyed males and white-eyed males. The genotypes of the parents were ____

Xw+ Xw; Xw Y

If a woman has blood type O and a man has blood type AB, what is the probability that they will have a child with blood type O?

A couple are both heterozygous for the dominant allele for polydactyly. They want to have three children. What is the probability that all three children will have polydactyly?

27/64

Which notation represents a testcross? (A “dash” indicates the allele's identity is unknown.)

R-M- × rrmm

The ability of an individual heterozygous for two different genes to produce the four possible gamete types in equal numbers reflects Mendel’s Law(s) of ____

Segregation and Independent Assortment

A testcross is used to ____

Determine if a parent with a dominant trait is heterozygous or homozygous

Examine the pedigree in the figure above. Individuals affected by the genetic condition in question are indicated by filled squares or circles. Which inheritance pattern is most likely correct for this condition in this family?

X-linked dominant

You are a genetic counselor, and a couple comes to you with concerns that if they have a child together, he or she could have hemophilia. Neither of them has hemophilia, but the woman's biological father did have an X-linked recessive form of hemophilia. How should you advise them?

Each of their sons will have a 50% chance of having hemophilia, and each of their daughters will have a 50% chance of being carriers.

Incomplete Dominance

When one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism

F1 Generation

The first generation of offspring from the cross of two true-breeding parents

Heterozygote

Any organism with 2 different alleles of a gene

P Generation

True-breeding plants used in an initial cross

Dominance

When one allele masks the effect of another

Recessive

The allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present

Pleiotropy

When a single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Epistasis

When alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus

Polygenic inheritance

When different genes contribute to a particular phenotype

True breeding

When displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations

Monohybrid

An F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)

F2 generation

The result of a cross between two first-generation organisms

Homozygote

Any organism with 2 identical alleles of a gene

Probability

The likelihood of something occurring as a matter of chance

Phenotype

The physical traits of an organism

Locus

Where an allele is found on a chromosome

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