anatomy & physiology
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anatomy & physiology - Marcador
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Exchange of blood and tissue fluid occurs in the ? | Capillary beds |
| What is lymph | Excess fluid left behind by capillary exchange that drains from tissue spaces |
| How is lymph transported to reenter the blood stream | Through lymphatic vessels |
| What does the lymphatic system include? | Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs such as spleen and thymus |
| Lymphoid organs | Spleen and thymus |
| What do spleen and thymus do | Help filter bodys fluid , removing harmful particles before they cause damage |
| How does lymph form | Blood plasma filters out the capillaries into microscopic spaces between tissue cells |
| Fluid inbetween tissue cells | Intertistial fluid |
| Tiny vessels that allow fluid along other substances such as dissolved protein molecule to leave the tissue spaces | Lymphatic vessels |
| Allows larger molecules including protein and other substances as well as fluid itself to enter the vessel and return to gen circulation | Lymphatic capillary |
| Lymph flowing through the lymphatic capillaries next move into large and larger vessels known as | Lymphatic venules and lymphatic vein |
| Where do the lymphatic vessels (lymphatic venules and lymphatic vein) empty into | Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct |
| Fluid filtered from blood plasma that is not reabsorbed by blood vessels drains into | Lymphatic vessels |
| Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct | Return their lymph into the blood in large veins of the neck region |
| Lymph from 3/4ths of the body drains into | Thoracic duct |
| Largest lymphatic vessel in the body ? | Thoracic duct |
| Lymph from the right upper extremity and from the right side of the head , neck and upper torso flows into | The right lymphatic duct |
| Serves as temporary holding area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the veins | Cisterna chyli |
| What does lacteal transport | Transports fats obtained from the digestive food to the blood stream |
| Lymphedema causes by prolonged infestation by filaria worms and produces elephant like limbs | Elephantiasis |
| What are the lymphoid organs | Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils |
| Provides immune defense and development of immune cells | Lymphoid organs |
| Where are lymph nodes located | In clusters along the pathway of lymphatic vessels |
| Lymph nodes perform biological filtration a process in which | Phagocytic cells alter the contents of the filtered fluid |
| Biological filtration of bacteria and other abnormal cells by phagocytosis helps prevent | Local infections from spreading |
| Lymph enters the node through one or more | Afferent(meaning toward) lymphatic vessels |
| The core of each nodule where new immune cells are produced | Germinal center |
| Lymph exits from the node through one or more | Efferent lymphatic vessels |
| Cells from a tumerous growth in the breast often spread to areas of the body by a process caleld | Metastasis |
| Thymus glands does most work | Before and after birth |
| Critical to functioning of the immune system | T lymphocytes or T cells |
| Located one ach side of the throat and maybe removed surgically | Palatine tonsils |
| Serves as a reservoir for monocytes which can quickly leave the spleen to help repair damaged tissue | White pulp of the spleen |
| Lymphatic tumors | Lymphoma |
| Body's overall defense system is called | Immune system |
| Maintained by mechanisms that attacks any irritant or abnormal substance and we are born with these defenses | Innate immunity( nonspecific immunity ) |
| A set of innate responses that often occurs in the body | Inflammatory response |
| Signs of inflammation | Heat,redness,pain,swelling |
| Intentional exposure to the causative agent such as vaccines, activates the immune system | Artificial active immunity |
| Many of cytokines are proteins called | Interleukins |
| Protein compounds normally available in the body | Antibodies(immunoglobins) |
| Most abundant immune cells in the body | Neutrophils |
| Complement molecules activated by antibodies from doughnut shaped complexes | Complement cascades |