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Genetics


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Alleles

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Different variations of the same gene trait represented as uppercase and lowercase letters; genotypes consist of two allele letters, one comes from mom and one from dad

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Genetics - Marcador

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Genetics - Detalles

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Alleles
Different variations of the same gene trait represented as uppercase and lowercase letters; genotypes consist of two allele letters, one comes from mom and one from dad
Genotype
The gene variation an individual possesses for a particular trait
Phenotype
How the genotype is physically expressed; the physical appearance
Autosomal Recessive
Trait that will only appear in the phenotype if organism inherits two of them; covered up by the dominant gene
Autosomal Dominant
An allele that controls the phenotype regardless of what the other allele is
Heterozygous/Hybrid
Having two different alleles for a particular gene; not true breeding
Homozygous/Purebred
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene; true or pure breeding
Law of Segregation
Alleles separate during the formation of sex cell gametes
Hereditary
Heredity refers to the genetic heritage passed down by our biological parents. It's why we look like them!
Genetics
The study of heredity, which is the inheritance of traits and characteristics passed on to the next generation
Punnett Square
Predicts the outcome probability of genetic crosses
Dihybrid Cross
Two gene punnett square
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes can separate during the formation of sex cells gametes and do not have to be linked or inherited together
Dominant trait identification from a pedigree
- Every affected individual has at least one affected parent - The trait is manifested in at least one individual in every generation once the trait appears
Codominance
Both alleles are equally as dominant so both are expressed side by side at the same time in a third phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
When one allele is not completely dominant over another resulting in a third mixed phenotype
Multiple Alleles
Genes with more than two alleles resulting in more than just two phenotypes
Polygenic Traits
Traits controlled by two or more genes resulting in many phenotypes
Sex Chromosomes
The sex of an individual depends on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. A male’s sex genotype is XY while a female’s is XX.
Autosomes
Every other chromosome in your body because there’s only one pair of sex chromosomes per individual
X-Linked Traits
Only located on the “X” sex chromosome
Carrier
A heterozygous individual carrying a hidden recessive trait who therefore remains unaffected by that trait
An example of multiple alleles is...
An excellent example of multiple allele inheritance is human blood type. Blood type exists as four possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, & O. There are 3 alleles for the gene that determines blood type.