Genetics
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Genetics - Marcador
Genetics - Detalles
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Alleles | Different variations of the same gene trait represented as uppercase and lowercase letters; genotypes consist of two allele letters, one comes from mom and one from dad |
Genotype | The gene variation an individual possesses for a particular trait |
Phenotype | How the genotype is physically expressed; the physical appearance |
Autosomal Recessive | Trait that will only appear in the phenotype if organism inherits two of them; covered up by the dominant gene |
Autosomal Dominant | An allele that controls the phenotype regardless of what the other allele is |
Heterozygous/Hybrid | Having two different alleles for a particular gene; not true breeding |
Homozygous/Purebred | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene; true or pure breeding |
Law of Segregation | Alleles separate during the formation of sex cell gametes |
Hereditary | Heredity refers to the genetic heritage passed down by our biological parents. It's why we look like them! |
Genetics | The study of heredity, which is the inheritance of traits and characteristics passed on to the next generation |
Punnett Square | Predicts the outcome probability of genetic crosses |
Dihybrid Cross | Two gene punnett square |
How did Mendel figure out the possible gamete combinations written along the two axes of his dihybrid cross? | He “foiled” each parent’s genotype |
Law of Independent Assortment | Genes can separate during the formation of sex cells gametes and do not have to be linked or inherited together |
What fur color would the offspring have if a hybrid female Arctic Fox had pups with a purebred male? (Phenotypic Ratio) | 4 White: 0 Dark Grey |
Dominant trait identification from a pedigree | - Every affected individual has at least one affected parent - The trait is manifested in at least one individual in every generation once the trait appears |
Codominance | Both alleles are equally as dominant so both are expressed side by side at the same time in a third phenotype |
Incomplete Dominance | When one allele is not completely dominant over another resulting in a third mixed phenotype |
Multiple Alleles | Genes with more than two alleles resulting in more than just two phenotypes |
Polygenic Traits | Traits controlled by two or more genes resulting in many phenotypes |
Sex Chromosomes | The sex of an individual depends on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. A male’s sex genotype is XY while a female’s is XX. |
Autosomes | Every other chromosome in your body because there’s only one pair of sex chromosomes per individual |
X-Linked Traits | Only located on the “X” sex chromosome |
Carrier | A heterozygous individual carrying a hidden recessive trait who therefore remains unaffected by that trait |
What is a common example of a carrier who is carrying a hidden recessive trait, who remains unaffected by that trait? | Color Blindness |
An example of multiple alleles is... | An excellent example of multiple allele inheritance is human blood type. Blood type exists as four possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, & O. There are 3 alleles for the gene that determines blood type. |